Ways of Successful Collaboration

Methods of Successful Collaboration Assignments that are set up well toward the starting will in general be the best. Our examinations show that most issues happen on account of fragmented or ineffectively worded directions. Our essayists are capable yet they arent precisely mind-perusers. Its better to be excessively explicit with your necessities as opposed to expecting the essayist will know precisely what look into you need them to do. Its consistently a smart thought to affirm with the essayist before they begin composing that they are sure they comprehend what you need. That way you can clear up any disarray before it impacts the task. Â HOW TO GET GOOD GRADES? Be set up to routinely catch up with the essayist as they take a shot at your task. Dont anticipate that the author should accomplish all the work for you. Our administrations are not for cheating in your classes. Or maybe, they are intended to assist you with learning and comprehend your point. Like a computer game walkthrough, our essayists are there to assist you with exploring particularly hard levels with guidelines and direction. They arent going to play the game for you. So ensure you comprehend what the essayist is creating for you and connect with them quickly in the event that you discover something is befuddling or hazy. Reacting instantly to your journalists questions is another key to fruitful cooperation. At the point when an essayist has an inquiry for you attempt to hit them up when you see their message. The equivalent goes for staff. On the off chance that you carry an issue to us, attempt to look after open, opportune correspondence while we work to fix the issue. Here is a short outline of down to business tips: Be exact about what you need, set up your task portrayal; Keep in touch with your author consistently; Do tell us in the event that your author isn't reacting do your messages; Maintain track of the control progress as your paper is being composed; Request drafts of your paper with the goal that you can ensure your paper is progressing nicely. We will consistently arraign amateurish or inadmissible conduct from our authors. Be that as it may, this procedure won't fix a missed cutoff time or a demolished evaluation for you. So finding a way to keep issues from emerging will profit you over the long haul. Quickly let a staff part know whether your author isn't responsive, doesn't give an unfinished version in the wake of focusing on the undertaking or is in whatever other manner giving indications that they dont expect to finish your task. Our staff can streamline false impressions or appoint you another essayist if necessary.

Compaction Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste

Questions: 1. What are the difficulties in simultaneous item and gracefully anchor configuration with respect to key attributes of the advancement chain at Porsche? 2. By what means can plan for coordinations ideas be applied to (I) control coordinations expenses and (ii) make the flexibly chain increasingly spry/responsive and (iii) progressively effective for the new Porsche 911? 3. By what means can the delay idea and repositioning of the push-pull limit help with building up an Assemble-To-Order (ATO) or Build-To-Order (BTO) fabricating methodology for the new Porsche 911? 4. Will stock administration and hazard pooling hypothesis be utilized to clarify the method of reasoning for an ATO procedure for another Porsche 911? Answers: Presentation Porsche is a German vehicle maker. The organization basically centers around the assembling of Sports vehicles, SUVs, and cars. Be that as it may, it has activities in different fields too. The organization was established by Ferdinand Porsche in 1931 and has from that point forward developed to get one of the pioneers in vehicle producers. The home office of the organization are situated in Stuttgart, Germany and possessed by Volkswagen AG. The organization has been the maker of countless notable vehicles and all things considered, the lineup incorporates 911, Panamera, Boxster, Cayman, Cayenne and the Macan. Porsche has for since a long time ago centered around the nature of its vehicles and thusly, has embraced an enormous number of steps so as to make itself particular from its rivals. The brand estimation of the organization is likewise connected to the different triumphs in the different fields including consumer loyalty. Porsche as such has advanced to be one of the most perce ived names in the car business with numerous models getting equivalent with sports vehicles. Conversation (1). Porsche has had a well working methodology since the time its commencement. Porsches flexibly chain procedure is a lean technique that targets understanding the clients needs and afterward acting appropriately. The lean system is one that gives less time to the improvement of the item and putting it out to the market. The system at that point assesses the clients responses and inadequacies in the item and afterward continues to address those(Blanchard, 2010). The flexibly chain is in this manner a framework that makes it simpler to distinguish the direction of the clients. The achievement of the gracefully chains can be followed by taking a gander at the numbers that say a lot about the companys achievement. In 1992, the quantity of vehicles sold by Porsche was 15,083. By 2012, the number had ascended to 151,999. The turnover of the organization additionally expanded complex during this period. While the yearly turnover in 1992 was 978 million Euros, by 2012, it was 13,865 million Eu ros. The provider base of Porsche comprises of 650 providers, 22,000 dynamic part numbers, 750 vendors and 125 markets (Carbon wheels for Porsche 911, 2012). What's more, Porsche has countless after deals administration stations and furthermore countless extra parts producers and providers over the world. While the framework may give the organization the capacity to figure a gracefully chain that is adaptable and cost proficient, the primary test that it gives is in the division of the advancement chain. The test that the organization faces because of a lean system is that the organization can't build up another item to the most extreme level (Fernie Sparks, 2009). While Porsche has been for long an organization that depends on development, it needs to make items that are new to the market as well as have a high caliber. The test is made as a result of a short throughput time. Due to a tight time allotment where, the organization should make and dispatch items; it passes up certain significant divisions. The new vehicles might be grown yet the issue in this procedure is that since the organization goes to advertise them when they are made, the inadequacies of the vehicle may be ignored (Weele, 2010). In such a case, while the organization may connect with the clients later after the units have been offered, the harm to the companys notoriety is as of now done. The effect on the advancement chain is without a doubt genuine as it is one of the elements that exceptionally influence the companys in general brand picture and well being(Gattorna, 2009). The test of keeping up a high item quality in a brief timeframe is without a doubt genuine as the organization must be continually alert about every single unit leaving its assembling units. The organization likewise faces difficulties in its gracefully tie framework because of the restricted time allotment. The evaluation of the gracefully chains isn't done appropriately because of such a procedure (Burt, Starling, Dobler, 2003). The gracefully chains are completely treated on a similar level and thus, the organization doesn't find which chain to be given greater need as indicated by the quantity of clients, the worth and so on. With everything taken into account, the difficulties that the organization faces is a direct result of the constrained time span in the lean showcasing framework. In such a case, the companys principle challenges are keeping up the nature of the simultaneous item and finding the efficiencies of the gracefully chains. (2). (I) Porsche is an organization that has a significant nearness in an enormous number of nations where it is a significant player. Likewise, Porsche is a significant player in each one of those nations. In such a case, Porsche can't trifle with any issue. Porsche must target keeping its hold over every single market. In such a case, The organization needs to make its quality felt emphatically in each area and in that capacity, must make extensive spending in different areas (Hoek, 2006). The coordinations branch of Porsche, which includes the exercises identifying with the acquirement, transport, transshipment and capacity of merchandise is therefore a significant factor that influences the organization all in all. The coordinations of Porsche represents around 30% of every item landed expense. Porsche can utilize a couple of the structure for coordinations idea so as to control its coordinations cost. The initial phase in this is in the operational part. The organization should at pr esent build up a group to screen the transportation costs. the organization for the most part centers around the creation and doesn't consider what steps to take in issues of transportation (Hugos, 2003). In any case, that is a significant factor as that would fundamentally decrease charges. Additionally, Porsche can make an arrangement of robotized consistence framework that would diminish human blunders and furthermore potential tricks in the companys legitimate dealings. (ii) Porsche follows an arrangement of a lean gracefully chain and as such needs to make its flexibly chain substantially more deft. Nonetheless, Porsche can't get rid of its lean framework as it is one of the most significant frameworks in the advanced age. What's more, since Porsche has for since a long time ago followed a technique of a lean framework, it can't get rid of it (Lean flexibly chain, 2006). In such a case, the organization must concentrate on making a cross breed framework. While a lean gracefully chain the executives centers around the yield of the organization and searches for whatever doesn't include esteem. In such a case, the lean framework is one that disposes of waste and doesn't permit whatever would simply end up being a misuse of assets and vitality. The deft framework, then again, makes a flexibly bind that is receptive to the clients (Mentzer, 2001). A spry framework is additionally, as the name proposes, ready to work quick and increase the piece of the o verall industry by rapidly getting together with the requirements in the flexibly chains. The coordinations are a significant factor and the plan for coordinations ideas can furnish the organization with the genuinely necessary thought of how to make a nimble framework. The piece of the structure for coordinations that should be considered so as to encourage the arrangement of the light-footed framework is the branch of conveyance (Myerson, 2012). The conveyance framework, when observed, would give the organization the specific strides to be taken so as to make the fundamental changes that would give a speedy conveyance and fulfill the client. The organization ought to likewise roll out not many improvements in its after deals divisions so as to empower the procedure. (iii) The coordinations cost is the prime factor with regards to making an effective framework for any organization. The coordinations cost of Porsche compensates for around 30% of the landed expense of the companys items (Packowski, 2014). The organization ought to define a procedure that screens the all out expenses and wastages that are caused in the different conveyance forms. The organization would then be able to continue to shape a framework that keeps up the division in a way that considers the procedures that would give minimal use in the vehicle and would likewise give the organization the way to find where to produce in a way that the general use of assembling and transport would be kept at least (Rudzki, 2006). (3). The Porsche 911 is one of the leader vehicles of the organization and all things considered, it is constantly advancing. In such a circumstance, the organization needs to distinguish whether it follows an Assemble to Order or Build to Order methodology. On the off chance that the organization utilizes the delay hypothesis, constructing an Assemble to Order is probably the best plan to be established (Schniederjans, Schniederjans, Schniederjans, 2010). In the deferment hypothesis, the item is one that can be fabricated that can be altered at a later point. On account of the 911, Porsche has for since quite a while ago had the option to form the vehicle to the inclinations of the cutting edge client. In such a case, the delay hypothesis works in light of the fact that the model of 911 is dependent upon steady change. Notwithstanding, when another model is propelled, the clients might want to add the new highlights to their vehicles that are of a more established model. In such a case, making an item that can be changed later on holds a lot of significant worth. Since the vehicles are presently ready to be changed, the organization would then be able to follow the Assemble to arrange strategy to make the extra pieces of the vehicle independently (Special Topic Forum on Resources and Supply Chain Management, 2013). In

The Work of Svetlana Alexievich, Recipient of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature

The Work of Svetlana Alexievich, Recipient of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature The recipient of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature is Svetlana Alexievich from Belarus. By naming her this year’s recipient, the Swedish Academy has made a strong statement in support of an author who is a champion of freedom of speech. Svetlana Alexievich’s home country Belarus is Europe’s only dictatorship. Belarus has no freedom of speech, no freedom of the press, and no freedom of assembly. The country sentences its political prisoners to death and persecutes its authors and journalists. The Belarusian regime sees Alexievich as a threat because her books are based on interviews with hundreds of ordinary citizens where they talk about their experiences during World War II, the Soviet Afghan War, the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, and the identity crisis experienced by many in the aftermath of the Soviet Union’s collapse. By giving voice to the individual, Alexievich gives voice to a narrative that opposes the official propaganda of the regime, an act that forced her into exile for many years. If you wish to read the books by Svetlana Alexievich, so far three of them have been translated into English. War’s Unwomanly Face War’s Unwomanly Face is Svetlana Alexievich’s first book and was published in 1985 in what was then the Soviet Union. Based on interviews with hundreds of women, Alexievich tells the story of their experiences at the Soviet front lines in World War II. Zinky Boys: Soviet Voices from the Afghan War At the time of publication, Zinky Boys caused an outrage in the Soviet Union. In her book, Alexievich gives voice to the soldiers who fought in the Soviet Union’s ill-fated war in Afghanistan and their families, exposing the truth behind the government’s propaganda. An excerpt from Zinky Boys has been published by Granta. The excerpt contains the testimonies of a soldier, a widow, a mother, and a nurse. Voice from Chernobyl: The Oral History of a Nuclear Disaster In February 1986 the nuclear power plant at Chernobyl in Ukraine exploded, causing the greatest peacetime nuclear disaster in the world. Northern Belarus received most of the radioactive fallout. An excerpt from Voices from Chernobyl has been published by The Paris Review. It is a harrowing and deeply emotional read that exposes the human suffering as well as the hypocrisy of the now-defunct Soviet regime and the current dictatorship of Belarus. Note: A previous version of this post stated that the Chernobyl nuclear power plant is located in Belarus. This has now been corrected. Save Sign up to Today In Books to receive  daily news and miscellany from the world of books.

Dr. Abbott And Social Welfare History - 1128 Words

Abstract Many pioneers have been influential in advancing the field of social work and one of the early influencers was Edith Abbott. According to the Social Welfare History Project, Abbott was an early social reformer born in 1876 and lived until 1957. Dr. Abbott was known as a â€Å"Social Reformer, Author, Administrator and Educator†. (Sorenson, Abbott, Edith - Social Welfare History Project) This paper will explore the background which brought Dr. Abbott to the forefront of the early social work world by speaking about her ethnicity, family background, political affiliation, and reasons why they dedicated their lives to helping others. In addition, this paper will discuss the settings and subfields most associated with the individual,†¦show more content†¦Edith’s political affiliation was pro-suffrage for woman and republican. Her family were Quakers, as was her mother, Elizabeth. Elizabeth played a crucial role in women’s higher education and also, graduated from Rockford Seminary in 1868 (Women s Intellectual Contributions, n.d.). Edith’s father, Othman, was a soldier, lawyer and banker and perhaps more influentially the first lieutenant governor of the state of Nebraska. Early in Edith’s life, her father had financial troubles at his place of work, which caused the family to have to work for years to recoup their hard earned money (Women s Intellectual Contributions, n.d.). Early in her educational career, Edith’s parents enrolled her in Brownell Hall, where Edith graduated from in 1893 with top honors and as valedictorian. Upon graduation, Abbott taught high school in her hometown; this lead her to continue her own education and began taking classes to prepare for college. She went on to attend the University of Nebraska and graduated in 1901 and from there continued her education further by achieving her doctoral degree in economics from the University of Chicago in 1905 (Women s Intellectual Contributions, n.d .). According to The National Association of Social Workers website, Edith also studied at the London School of Economics. From there, she continued on to teach at Wellesley College until 1908,

Crime and Punishment Quotes - 921 Words

1. Â…all is in a mans hands and he lets it all slip from cowardice, thats an axiom. It would be interesting to know what it is men are most afraid of. Ââ€"Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov By saying this Raskolnikov suggests that men are capable of doing whatever they wish, and the only thing that holds them back are their fears. Because of this Raskolnikov wonders what mans greatest fear is, and with that comes the one thing that no man is capable of doing. 2. Â…for though Pyotr Petrovitch has been so kind as to undertake part of the expenses of the journey, that is to say, he has taken upon himself the conveyance of our bags and big trunks. -Pulcheria Alexandrovna Raskolnikov This is a passage from the letter that Rodions mother†¦show more content†¦. . . And why do you ask what cant be answered? Whats the use of such foolish questions? How could it happen that it should depend on my decision--who has made me a judge to decide who is to live and who is not to live? Ââ€"Sonia This is showing that Sonia does not agree with Raskolnikovs ‘extraordinary man theory. She is telling Raskolnikov that its not her place to choose whether or not someone lives or dies. She believes that nobody has that right and that the decision is up to a ‘Divine Providence. 9. But never had men considered themselves so intellectual and so completely in possession of the truth as these sufferers, never had they considered their decisions, their scientific conclusions, their moral convictions so infallible. Ââ€"Raskolnikovs dream In his dream, Raskolnikov realizes that his assumption of ‘extraordinary men is imperfect; and that there are severe costs to these ‘extraordinary men being able to commit crimes and break the laws that everyone else abides by. 10. Early one evening during an exceptional heat wave in the beginning of July, a young man walked out into the street from the little room he rented from tenants on S. Place and slowly almost irresolutely, set off in the direction of K. Bridge. Ââ€"Narrator The fact that Raskolnikov is walking slowly and irresolutely shows that he is not sure about whether or not to murder the pawn-broker, and that he is processing in his mind the doubts andShow MoreRelatedIs Retribution A Moral Justification For The Aim Of Punishment?1713 Words   |  7 Pagesretribution a moral justification for the aim of punishment? Punishment is the consequent effect that you get for doing a particular crime. Some of these punishments focus on just punishing the criminal, while others are about giving an effective punishment to make sure the person would not reoffend. There are two main theories of punishment, which are utilitarian and retributive theories of punishment. This essay will discuss the theory of retributive punishment with regards to its historical beginningsRead MoreShould Capital Punishment Be Legal?974 Words   |  4 Pageswith he doesn’t agree with the death penalty. He quote the (The death penalty and I†¦have nothing in common) nor does he agrees with such laws of capital punishment. His overall purpose was to inform that he does not agree with execution of Ted Bundy. He sees capital punishment an immoral as quoted (I think the killing of one human makes no sense and is inherently immoral). The author opinion is agreeable with mine. I argue that capital punishment the execution should be legal. And such mannersRead MoreDecisions of the Conscience in Crime and Punishment by Dostoyevsky and Huckleberry Finn by Twain810 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Sometimes one cant stand things,† a simple but meaningful quote for Crime and Punishment and Huckleberry Finn. This quote indicates an individuals inability to bare a certain situation. Concerning the novels, the quote displays how the characters cant mentally digest society or crime and how they react. The quote mentioned above was chosen for a couple of reasons. First, the quote plays a crucial roll in both novels that helps with the characters decisions. The decisions that are madeRead MoreEssay The Death Penalty1095 Words   |  5 Pages Capital Punishment nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Murder is the unlawful killing of one human by another, especially with premeditated malice. This country believes killings someone under certain circumstances is acceptable; this should not be the case. Capital punishment, the death penalty, is the maximum sentence used in punishing people who kill another human being. It is one of the most controversial topics in America today. Capital punishment is still murder, simple as that. The death penaltyRead MoreOliver Wendell Holmes Once Said That â€Å"Man’S Mind, Once1223 Words   |  5 Pagesidea, never regains its original dimensions.† When I first heard this quote on the 29th of August, 2016, I wondered why Mrs. Robinson said this was our â€Å"essential question† of the year, now I understand. In class I learned how to dissect and analyze quotes well enough to the point that I can associate three different sources with each other and find a common theme. Through reading East of Eden by John Steinbeck, Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky, and watching the video Waking Life, a commonRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Not Be Considered Unethical Or Inhumane1569 Words   |  7 PagesCapital Punishment such as the death penalty should not be considered unethical or inhumane. The death penalty may be difficult to understand, but based on recent studies, it is nearly proven that the death penalty will save money along with many other benefits. By using the death penalty it will eliminate same person crimes, will cause fear, will save money, and will open a jail cell. Also, fewer criminals will provide more food, shelter and drinks for crimes that aren’t as bad. By using the deathRead MoreThe Most Important Reason For Punishing Someone Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesis to, as Kant states on page 143 of The Elements of Moral Philosophy, punish them for the crime they committed. This reason, along with Kant’s idea of giving punishment proportionate to the crime committed or as people call it, â€Å"an eye for an eye†, is the fairest punishment. This reason favors and gives comfort to victims, while still assuring that the suspect does not get an unfair or undeserved punishment. This reason is the best because it makes sure the victim is given proper consideration forRead MoreCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty950 Words   |  4 Pages†¢ Introduction (107 words) Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, has long been abolished in Australia since 1967. Although our country does not sentence capital punishment, other countries do, and there is a worldwide argument on the whole topic. â€Å"Capital punishment is the practice of executing someone as punishment for a specific crime after a proper legal trial.† (BBC - Ethics: Capital punishment, 2014) Capital punishment is generally used in situations where the accused has committedRead MoreThe Issue of Capital Punishment as in the film Dead Man Walking947 Words   |  4 PagesIssue of Capital Punishment as in the film Dead Man Walking In this essay I am going to analyse and explain how the issue of Capital Punishment is portrayed in the film Dead Man Walking, a true story acted out. Before I proceed with this essay, I think it necessary to give some background information on Capital Punishment. Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, is the ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime. Prisoners areRead MoreMeasure For Measure By William Shakespeare1170 Words   |  5 Pagesthe play title itself. Measure for Measure by Shakespeare is named as so because of the punishment for crimes, the measure or treatment of women, and the measure of the character’s actions. Measure for Measure by Shakespeare is titled as such because of the punishment for crimes. This first reason that the title is named as it is can also be described as every action has a reaction. Every crime has a punishment that is associated with it. This is something that is very relatable to modern society

Mean Creek Free Essays

Film Report ‘Mean Creek’ In the film ‘mean creek’ directed by Jacob Aaron Estes. We see a group of teenagers who try to play a trick on the bully in the movie, but it goes horribly wrong. A main Idea In the film Is the way the relationships change between everybody from the start to the end of the movie. We will write a custom essay sample on Mean Creek or any similar topic only for you Order Now The director uses 4 aspects, sound, lighting, camera shots and dialogue, to communicate the theme of change in friend/relationships. The director uses camera shot, lighting and sound in the scene where they are all sitting on the river bank after they play truth and dare and George gets pushed overboard by Rocky because he wouldn’t shut up about Martyr’s father, but then George freaks out and drowns to death. We see a long shot of them all sitting away from catheter. The director uses positioning to show the feeling of Isolation. The director uses this aspect to communicate the beginning of separation between there friendships. They all feel guilty because they had decided not to play the trick on George anymore, because they started to feel sorry for him, but Marty choose otherwise. The director uses the lighting of a blue filter across the screen to show that this a sad moment and everything has been completely messed up. The sounds of Violins and soft music in the background gives us that felling that everything is changing for the worst and that their relationships will probably never be the same again. Also the aspect of lighting and sound links into the theme of separation and contributes to the mood because up to this point there group was always collective, but are now separate. Now they all have different decisions on what happens to George. Some want to bury him and the others want to confess and go to the police so they don’t look guilty. After George dies it goes all silent and that’s when it starts to et darker. The director uses dialogue and close ups in the scene where Millie runs off and Sam follows her. We hear the dialogue between them â€Å"Buck you. † â€Å"We can never be forgiven for what we did. We see a the close up of Mile’s face and how scared and traumatized she Is. The director uses these aspects to show us how much Millie has changed from the start, when she was day dreaming about her date with Sam. She seemed so innocent and was only concerned about what she was going to talk to Sam about on her date. Millie was the only one who didn’t know of the plan until they got to the river. So there Is a sense of betrayal between her and Sam. This shows how murder can change the way people feel and their relationships can be affected in a situation like this. I think the director is trying to show us how people deal with guilt. Millie try’s to blame Sam, Sam try’s to blame Marty. But really they are all to blame, they were all apart of It. The director uses sound and close ups in the scene where they are paddling back to 1 OFF paddles hitting the water. The director uses the sound of water to remind us that they are surrounded by water, that water is what killed George and they can’t get way from what they did. We also see close ups of each of their faces one at a time. We know that each character is going through conflicting emotions. There is no eye contact or emotion between each other. Their faces look exhausted and pale, some with tears down their face. The director uses these aspects to show and communicate the feeling of guilt and disbelief. It almost gives you a sick feeling in the pit of your stomach. The nonexistent dialogue between each other shows the breakdown In their relationships and makes us wonder what they’re thinking and feeling. This for me was one of the most powerful scenes throughout the movie, because I know nothing could be the same again. Lighting is used in the scene where they’re driving back from the river and its all dark and silent. It gives off a gloomy, uneasy feel almost like that what they’re feeling inside and that’s being portrayed through the lighting of the scene. The director used this aspect to communicate the change in all their relationships between one another, because as seen in the start of the movie the lighting is bright and there is lots of color to give Off nice, relaxed vibe. So the darkness and lack of light gives us he feeling that their relationships have somewhat deteriorated since earlier that day. It also shows the passing of time as it was daylight at the start of their trip and now its evening. This could symbolize not only the end of the day, but the end of Georges life. Also the loss of their innocence. In conclusion he director has communicated the theme of the change in all of their friend/relationships throughout the movie with the help of these four aspects, lighting, sound, camera shots and dialogue. I think this film helped me realize that because of a little mistake made by someone, can or will change your life forever. By Messiah Wales How to cite Mean Creek, Papers

Using Facebook for Multinational Cosmetics Companies

An Audience Study on the Effectiveness of Using Facebook for Multinational Cosmetics Companies to Target Local Emirati Females Living in Dubai.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Using Facebook for Multinational Cosmetics Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction Research question and sub-questions Social media influence many aspects of the people’s life, including the persons’ purchasing behavior. In this context, it is important to conduct a research on the role of Facebook in affecting cosmetic companies’ marketing strategies in Dubai and answer the following research question: How can multinational cosmetic companies MAC and Bobbi Brown effectively engage in communicating with local Emirati females in Dubai via Facebook? Sub-questions important to be answered in the research are the following ones: (1) How has MAC used FB for marketing its products to Emirati females 20-25 y /o in Dubai? (2) How has Bobbi Brown used FB for marketing its products to Emirati females 20-25 y/o in Dubai? (3) How do local Emirati females 20-25 y/o experience and assess marketing via FB for the multinational cosmetic companies MAC and Bobbi Brown? Importance of studying this topic The importance of studying this topic is in the fact that the role of social media in affecting the market can be different, depending on the cultural features of certain regions, such as Dubai. Theories that support the discussion are Framing and Agenda-Setting Theory and Social Cognitive Theory. In this research proposal, I will discuss the research methodology with the focus on data collection and analysis of the appropriateness of close reading and focus group methods to answer the formulated research questions in the context of the presented theories. I will discuss the methods’ strengths and weaknesses, explain the choice of methods, and analyze the methods’ reliability, validity , and ethics. Methodology Focus group method The focus group is a qualitative survey method used to explore what opinions and perceptions are prevalent in the concrete population group (Belk, 2007, p. 256). Focus group in the form of a discussion or interview is the most effective method to choose for this research because participants can discuss the proposed issues openly and from their individual perspectives (Hultman Ek, 2011, p. 166). The method allows recording any agreement or disagreement in the discussion without interrupting the conversation. Furthermore, the focus group method is correlated with Social Cognitive Theory, according to which individual opinions of participants are discussed with references to the visions of other members of the group (LaRose Eastin, 2004, p. 358).Advertising Looking for proposal on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Close Reading The next method to be used in the research is close reading. The method is useful because it allows analyzing the effectiveness of texts used in marketing with the help of social media (Treadwell, 2010, p. 114). Close reading helps interpret the text and identify patterns, as it is important with references to Framing and Agenda-Setting theory. Close reading is an effective method to examine posts of cosmetics companies and focus on how they frame objects in their slogans and messages (Close reading of a literary passage, 2014). Strengths and weaknesses of methods Strengths of the focus group method are the focus on the real-life data and flexibility in conducting the interview (Babbie, 2009, p. 323). It is an in-depth socially oriented research technique which provides opportunities for obtaining individual perceptions in the non-threatening environment (Hesse-Biber Leavy, 2010, p. 209). Focus group is â€Å"a quick and cheap alternative to ‘proper’ survey or interview research† (Belk, 2007, p. 256). The limitations of focus group are impossibility to control dynamics properly and difficulties associated with the data analysis (Babbie, 2009, p. 323). Strengths of close reading are the possibility to analyze any text in the sphere of marketing and identify patterns (McNamara, 2012, p. 112). Still, close reading is time-consuming (McNamara, 2012, p. 114). The appropriateness of using methods The focus group method is appropriate for the research because of the necessity to explore the individuals’ opinions regarding the use of social media as the part of the marketing strategy. The received data will be used to create the conceptual framework to discuss the issue. This method is the most effective because of reflecting the females’ real visions regarding the effectiveness of social media use in marketing. Close reading is important to understand what aspects in texts attract the target group’s attention.Advertising We will write a custom proposal s ample on Using Facebook for Multinational Cosmetics Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Data collection and stages of the research To collect the real-life data with the help of a focus group interview, it is necessary to develop an interview guide (Packer-Muti, 2010, p. 1025). The second step is to assemble the group of young female Emiratis with similar demographic features (Babbie, 2009, p. 323). The next step is to conduct the interview while recoding the data. It is important to control the participants’ engagement into the discussion and make notes regarding the patterns identified in the conversation. The collection of data through close reading includes the reading of posts; making annotations; and identifying patterns (McNamara, 2012, p. 112). Validity, reliability, and generalization of results The focus group method is characterized by the â€Å"high face validity† because personal data is collected dur ing the research (Babbie, 2009, p. 323). Close reading is reliable, but it is a less valid method because different researchers interpret the received data from different perspectives (Close reading of a literary passage, 2014; McNamara, 2012, p. 115). The results received via focus group and close reading cannot be generalized (Packer-Muti, 2010, p. 1024). Ethics Inviting respondents to participate in the focus group interview, it is necessary to ask them to sign the informed consent regarding the use of collected data and to focus on the issue of confidentiality (Belk, 2007, p. 134). Conclusion In order to conduct the research on the topic of using Facebook posts for influencing the target public of young females in Dubai with the focus on the business of two cosmetic companies, it is necessary to use such methods as the focus group interview and close reading because these methods address the requirements of the exploratory research. Focus group is most useful because it provides the data regarding the personal perceptions of the target audience, and this data can be used for improving marketing strategies. The problem is in the fact that this data can be applied only to the discussed companies because of the method’s limitations. Close reading is effective enough to provide the idea on why young female Emiratis are interested in the discussed companies’ products. The study could have been better if I had used a combination of other qualitative methods to support the focus group’s results.Advertising Looking for proposal on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More My focus on highlighting certain topics in the focus group’s discussion and during close reading could impact the results of the research and my overall approach to analyzing the received information while discussing it in the context of the identified theories. The bias could be avoided with the focus on using more detailed ethnographic research in addition to the focus group method. References Babbie, E. (2009). The practice of social research. NewYork, NY: Cengage Learning. Belk, R. (2007). Handbook of qualitative research methods in marketing. Boston, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing. Close reading of a literary passage. (2014). Retrieved from https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/reading_lit.html Hesse-Biber, S., Leavy, P. (2010). Handbook of emergent methods. NewYork, NY: Guilford Press. Hultman, J., Ek, R. (2011). Can there only be one? Towards a post-paradigmatic service marketing approach. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 3(2), 166-180. LaRose, R., Eastin, M. (2004). A Social Cognitive Theory of Internet Uses and Gratifications: Toward a new model of media attendance. Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media, 48(3), 358-377. McNamara, D. (2012). Reading comprehension strategies: Theories, interventions, and technologies. Boston, MA: Psychology Press. Packer-Muti, B. (2010). Conducting a focus group. The Qualitative Report, 15(4), 1023-1030. Treadwell, D. (2010). Introducing communication research: Paths of inquiry. NewYork, NY: SAGE Publishing. This proposal on Using Facebook for Multinational Cosmetics Companies was written and submitted by user Randall Mccray to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Jose Orozco artist essays

Jose Orozco artist essays He is one of the great Mexican avant-garde painters. He studied at the San Carlos Academy in Mexico City, and since he was very young, he was a plastic interpreter of the revolution; as we can see in the political and social topics developed in great mural compositions. He gave these ideas a heroic style, based on a realism with an expressionist character, consciously linked to the old Mexican artistic traditions, violently dynamic and widely manufactured. He was born in Ciudad Guzmn (Zapotln el Grande), Jalisco, in 1883; he died in Mexico City in 1949. Together with his family, he moved to Guadalajara and then to the country's Capital, arriving in 1890. Still being a child, he met Jos Guadalupe Posadas, and his pictures were what made Orozco take interest in painting. He attended to some drawing classes at the Academy. He studied agriculture (3 years in San Jacinto) and high school. He finally came back to San Carlos and stayed there from 1906 to 1910. From this year to 1916 (when he presented his first individual exhibition at the Biblos Bookstore) he drew caricatures for El Hijo del Ahuizote; he was part of the illustrator staff of La Vanguardia (Orizaba, 1914); he painted watercolor and oil pictures reproducing, in a synthetic way "the stinking shadows of closed rooms", after his own expression; a series of drawings with scenes of the revolution, and his first painting of large dimensions: "The last Spaniard forces honorably evacuating the San Juan de Ulà ºa Castle" (1915). In 1917, he travelled to the United States, and when he came back, he worked on some pictures, especially "Soldier women", "Combat", and the portrait of his mother. When the renaissance of the mural painting began in 1922, Orozco reserved for himself the walls of the large patio at the National High School, a former jesuitic college, San Ildelfonso. His first compositions were: "Elements", "Man fighting against nature", "Man f...

A Guide on How to Use Adverbial Clauses of Time

A Guide on How to Use Adverbial Clauses of Time Adverb clauses provide additional information about how something is done. They are much like adverbs in that they tell the reader when, why or how someone did something. All clauses contain a subject and a verb, adverb clauses are introduced by subordinating conjunctions. For example, Tom helped the student with the homework because he didnt understand the exercise. ... because he didnt understand the exercise explains why Tom helped and is an adverb clause. Begin by studying adverb clauses which are often called time clauses in English grammar books and follow specific patterns.   Punctuation When an adverb clause begins the sentence, use a comma to separate the two clauses. Example: As soon as he arrives, we will have some lunch. When the adverb clause finishes the sentence, there is no need for a comma. Example: He gave me a call when he arrived in town. Adverb Clauses with Time When: He was talking on the phone when I arrived.When she called, he had already eaten lunch.I washed the dishes when my daughter fell asleep.Well go to lunch when you come to visit. When means at that moment, at that time, etc.. Notice the different tenses used in relation to the clause beginning with when. It is important to remember that when takes either the simple past OR the present - the dependent clause changes tense in relation to the when clause. Before: We will finish before he arrives.She (had) left before I telephoned. Before means before that moment. It is important to remember that before takes either the simple past OR the present. After: We will finish after he comes.She ate after I (had) left. After means after that moment. It is important to remember that after takes the present for future events and the past OR past perfect for past events. While, as: She began cooking while I was finishing my homework.As I was finishing my homework, she began cooking. While and as are both usually used with the past continuous because the meaning of during that time  indicates an action in progress. By the time: By the time he finished, I had cooked dinner.We will have finished our homework by the time they arrive. By the time expresses the idea that one event has been completed before another. It is important to notice the use of the past perfect for past events and future perfect for future events in the main clause. This is because of the idea of something happening up to another point in time. Until, till: We waited until he finished his homework.Ill wait until you finish. Until and till express up to that time. We use either the simple present or simple past with until and till. Till is usually only used in spoken English. Since: I have played tennis since I was a young boy.They have worked here since 1987. Since means from that time. We use the present perfect (continuous) with since. Since can also be used with a specific point in time. As soon as: He will let us know as soon as he decides (or as soon as he has decided).As soon as I hear from Tom, I will give you a telephone call. As soon as means when something happens - immediately afterward. As soon as is very similar to when it emphasizes that the event will occur immediately after the other. We usually use the simple present for future events, although present perfect can also be used. Whenever, every time: Whenever he comes, we go to have lunch at Dicks.We take a hike every time he visits. Whenever and every time mean each time something happens. We use the simple present (or the simple past in the past) because whenever and every time express habitual action. The first, second, third, fourth, etc., next, last time: The first time I went to New York, I was intimidated by the city.I saw Jack the last time I went to San Francisco.The second time I played tennis, I began to have fun. The first, second, third, fourth, etc., next, last time means that specific time. We can use these forms to be more specific about which time of a number of times something happened. Adverb  Clauses Showing Opposition These type of clauses show an unexpected or non-self-evident result based on the dependent clause. Example:  He bought the car even though it was expensive. Take a look at the chart below to study the various usages of adverb clauses showing opposition. Punctuation: When an adverb clause begins the sentence use a comma to separate the two clauses. Example:  Even though it was expensive, he bought the car. When the adverb clause finishes the sentence there is no need for a comma. Example:  He bought the car even though it was expensive. Even though, though, although: Even though it was expensive, he bought the car.Though he loves doughnuts, he has given them up for his diet.Although the course was difficult, he passed with the highest marks. Notice how though, even though or although show a situation which is contrary to the main clause to express opposition. Even though, though and although are all synonyms. Whereas, while: Whereas you have lots of time to do your homework, I have very little time indeed.Mary is rich, while I am poor. Whereas and while show clauses in direct opposition to each other. Notice that you should always use a comma with whereas and while. Using Adverb Clauses to Express Conditions These type of clauses are often called if clauses in English grammar books and follow conditional  sentence patterns. Take a look at the chart below to study the various usage of different time expressions. Punctuation: When an adverb clause begins the sentence use a comma to separate the two clauses. Example:  If he comes, we will have some lunch.. When the adverb clause finishes the sentence there is no need for a comma. Example:  He would have invited me if he had known. If: If we win, well go to Kellys to celebrate!She would buy a house, if she had enough money. If clauses express the conditions necessary for the result. If clauses are followed by expected results based on the condition. Even if: Even if she saves a lot, she wont be able to afford that house. In contrast to sentences with if sentences with even if show a result that is unexpected based on the condition in the even if clause.  Example:  COMPARE: If she studies hard, she will pass the exam AND Even if she studies hard, she wont pass the exam. Whether or not: They wont be able to come whether or not they have enough money.Whether they have money or not, they wont be able to come. Whether or not expresses the idea that neither one condition or another matters; the result will be the same. Notice the possibility of inversion (Whether they have money or not) with whether or not. Unless: Unless she hurries up, we wont arrive in time.We wont go unless he arrives soon. Unless expresses the idea of if not  Example:  Unless she hurries up, we wont arrive in time. MEANS THE SAME AS: If she doesnt hurry up, we wont arrive in time.  Unless is only used in the first conditional. In case (that), in the event (that): In the case you need me, Ill be at Toms.Ill be studying upstairs in the event he calls. In case and in the event usually mean that you dont expect something to happen, but if it does... Both are used primarily for future events. Only if: Well give you your bicycle only if you do well on your exams.Only if you do well on your exams will we give you your bicycle. Only if means only in the case that something happens - and only if. This form basically means the same as if. However, it does stress the condition for the result. Note that when only if begins the sentence you need to invert the main clause. Adverb Clauses with Expressions of Cause and Effect These type of clauses explain the reasons for what happens in the main clause.  Example:  He bought a new home because he got a better job. Take a look at the chart below to study the various usages of different expressions of cause and effect. Note that all of these expressions are synonyms of because. Punctuation: When an adverb clause begins the sentence use a comma to separate the two clauses.  Example:  Because he had to work late, we had dinner after nine oclock.. When the adverb clause finishes the sentence there is no need for a comma.  Example:  We had dinner after nine oclock because he had to work late. Adverb Clauses of Cause and Effect Because: They received a high mark on their exam because they had studied hard.Im studying hard because I want to pass my exam.He works a lot of overtime because his rent is so expensive Notice how because can be used with a variety of tenses based on the time relationship between the two clauses. Since: Since he loves music so much, he decided to go to a conservatory.They had to leave early since their train left at 8.30. Since means the same as because. Since tends to be used in more informal spoken English.  Important note:  Since when used as a conjunction is typically used to refer to a period of time, while because implies a cause or reason. As long as: As long as you have the time, why dont you come for dinner? As long as means the same as because. As long as tends to be used in more informal spoken English. As: As the test is difficult, you had better get some sleep. As means the same as because. As tends to be used in more formal, written English. Inasmuch as: Inasmuch as the students had successfully completed their exams, their parents rewarded their efforts by giving them a trip to Paris. Inasmuch as means the same as because. Inasmuch as is used in very formal, written English. Due to the fact that: We will be staying for an extra week due to the fact that we have  not yet finished. Due to the fact that means the same as because. Due to the fact that is generally used in very formal, written English.

Business Models On theWeb Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Business Models On theWeb - Essay Example This is because it avails diverse products and services, which enable customers to make choices that best suit their needs. Additionally, digital marketing reduces the chances of consumer exploitation, since consumers are not restricted with regard to the products or services to use. This video reveals that there are several tools that can be used for digital marketing; therefore, organizations ought to choose a tool depending on the target group, for example social networks and videos among others. Presently in digital marketing, the best tools have proved to be social networks, recorded videos and e-mails. These tools have helped to promote digital marketing because they are widely used by consumers as information tools. According to this video, in the contemporary society, most people spend a lot of time online due to availability of internet services, which favors digital marketing. The number of people communicating with friends has increased due to internet use. This has been possible by the existence of online social sites. Increased internet use has therefore promoted online businesses because companies can now easily have their products and services accessed. At the same time, digital markets have enabled customers to have easy access to information on products and services information, thus they can make informed choices. Digital markets also increase marketing efficiency of firms and companies as people from different geographical locations can be reached at the same time. The need for new business models is rising due to continuous digitization of the business world. A digital business model basically describes how companies digitally interact with customers to generate revenue. Firms should therefore develop effective digital business models with good content and realistic customer experience. The best business model should challenge the current marketing models. This article states that business models on the web are widely

What effect did the Rise of Science have on theories of Educational Essay

What effect did the Rise of Science have on theories of Educational Practice - Essay Example Education empowers individuals to lead their lives autonomously, participate in the community activities, and pursue their goals. Through education children acquire culture, which ultimately helps them orient their social conduct in the right direction. School is just another and a superficial means, of education. A large proportion of education is ingrained from other agencies (Dewey, 1926:4-5). Education and learning are closely related and are, at times, used synonymously. History of education can be dichotomized as the development of curricula and development of learning and teaching In the primordial world, education concerned only with cultural transmission. Since there was little that changed in everyday life, education too changed and deviated little, from set standards. The aim of education was merely to make the children fit enough to take up their roles in tribes. In those societies education was achieved through oral instruction or imitation. As the human life became more complex, there arose the need to impart education in vocational skills like hunting, farming, and animal husbandry. During the rise of ancient civilizations and development of languages, education became more formal and complex. The birth of formal education system is variously attributed to the Egyptian, Chinese, and Mesopotamian Civilizations between 3000 and 1500 B.C. In the Egyptian society, education was only carried out by priestly class that held sway in the society and enjoyed political clout as well. The priests dispensed, to a group of elite students, esoteric knowledge of subjects like science, medicine, and mathematics. Mesopotamian civilization had a tradition of teaching children belonging to the upper crust of the society. Education consisted of learning subjects like law, mathematics, and astrology. In the ancient Chinese civilization, education was about development of secular values, moral uprightness, use of rituals, and music. Later, toward the 1st

Amitraz Poisoning Management | Case Study

Amitraz Poisoning Management | Case Study Title of the article: Amitraz Poisoning – A rare pesticide Poisoning Abstract: Amitraz, an insecticide/acaricide of the formamidine pesticide group, is a alpha 2 adrenergic agonist used to a great extent in veterinary and agricultural products for the treatment of ectoparasitic manifestations. In the current article we report the findings of a case of 22 year old female who consumed about 50 ml Amitraz poison by oral route as a suicidal attempt. On arrival to Emergency Department the patient presented in deep comatose state, respiratory depression, bradycardia, hypotension, miosis, hypothermia, and hyperglycemia.she recovered completely within 48 hours with adequate supportive care. The case report throws considerable light on the management of Amitraz poisoning, good prognosis with early recognition, initial stabilisation, reducing absorption, supportive management with Iv fluids, airway management, monitoring urine output and other supportive care, very few cases of intoxications in human beings due to the pesticide have been published in literature It has be come imparative to intruct the pesticide manufacturers to initiate suitable measures to decrease the incidence of Amitraz poisoning by prominent and clear warning labels on the containers and potential hazards of the compound. Key-words: Amitraz; poisoning ; alpha 2 adrenergic agonist; miosis Key Messages [D1]: Introduction Amitraz, a triazapentadiene compound and a member of the amidine chemical family is a formamidine pesticides which is increasingly being used as an insecticide and an acaricide to control animal ectoparasites [1-3]. The formulations available for chemical use contain 12.5-50% in an organic solvent called xylene, which itself is used in plant cleaners and glues[4].Amitraz is a Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist stimulating alpha 2 adrenergic receptors in the Central Nervous System(CNS).and both alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenergic receptors in the periphery. Poisoning occurs throgh oral, inhalational (the mostpotential), and dermal routes and is accompanied by numerous signs and symptoms varying from CNS depression (drowsiness, coma, and convulsion), to miosis, or rarely, mydriasis, respiratory depression, bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia or fever, hyperglycemia, polyuria, vomiting, decreased gastrointestinal motility, and intestinal distension [4].Adverse effects and side effects have been re ported in animals exposed to the product : however only few cases of human toxication have been published in Indian literature. we present a young female patient with Amitraz poisoning who was conservatively managed with complete recovery hence significantly contributing to the limited human toxicological data. Case History[D2]: An 22 year old female was brought to our Emergency Department (ED) with a history of suicidal consumption of about 50 ml Amitraz poison eight hours before being brought to our ED, her first symptom had begun about 30 minutes post ingesion and included nausea and vomiting, thus she was taken to a hospital in their locality where intravenous crystalloids were started and referred to our centre. On arrival to our department the patient was deeply comatose with a GCS scale of 4/15. Her pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and temperature were 50/min, blood pressure was 92/64 mm of Hg, 16/minand 36.8 degree celsius respectively. On examination of CNS her pupil were bilaterally constricted, all four limbs had hypotonia and there was bilateral flexor plantar response. Other systemic examination were normal, there was no exessive oral secretions or any fasciculations.Gastric lavage with activated charcoal was given and patients airway was secured with endotracheal intubation due to l ow GCS.she was then admitted to ICU for further management her lab tests (Complete blood count, serum electrolytes, renal function tests, liver function tests), serum pseudocholinestrase levels, electrocardiography, routine urine tests and chest xray were normal except glucose level of 192 mg/dl.A urine test for drugs of abuse was negative and blood alcohol levels were normal. Ct brain plain was done which was normal.She was treated with supportive care in the ICU with IV Flluids, respiratory and cardiac monitoring, Atropine (once 2mg stat) was adminitered for transient bradycardia.over the next 24 hours she gradually improved and was extubated. Her vitals signs were Heart rate of 70/min and blood pressure was 110/70 mm of Hg. By the following day she was completely concious and was able to answer the question and she was shifted to general ward and was discharged after consultation with a psychiatrist. Discussion: Amitraz is increasingly being used worldwide in veterinary and agricultural products for the treatment of ectoparasitic manifestations. Formamidines show reversible toxic effects on both animals and humans [1]. The present knowledge about Amitraz and Foramine pesticides is usually built on animal studies as the available human intoxication is limited. It can cause poisoning in animals and humans via oral, inhalational or dermal routes. The toxicity from this poisoning can be attributed both Amitraz and the solvent, xylene. Although the ingested dose of Amitraz can not be determined because it is diluted 1 part in 500 before usage. The acute oral medical lethal dose(LD50) for the rats is 800/kg body weight.[3, 4]. The clinical features of this poisoning reported in previous reports include CNS depression, drowsiness, vomiting, miosis, bradycardia, hypotension, and hyperglycemia. The duration of CNS depression has ranged from a few hours to 24 h [4]. CNS symptoms began within 120-180 m inutes and resolved within 12-24 hrs in our case. Sedative effects of ÃŽ ±2-agonists are dose dependent[1]. Coma, absence of light reflex, and respiratory failure are due to the ingestion of greater amounts of amitraz supporting its dose-dependent effects. Our patient was fully conscious after 48hrs. This time has been reported to be 2-48 h in previous reports. The effect of amitraz on ÃŽ ±1– and ÃŽ ±2-receptors causes bradycardia [5]. In addition, literature reported hyperglycemia, hypotension, and bradycardia in amitraz poisoning and attributed them to the alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist action of amitraz [6]. In our case, bradycardia was also present accompanying with miosis. Co-existence of bradycardia, miosis, and the respiratory depression leads to confusion with organophosphate or opioid poisonings, both of which should be excluded. Using atropine for treatment of bradycardia is controversial. Most studies, however, have reported atropine to resolve both miosis and bradycardia. Atropine is the first line therapy for the bradycardia resulted from vagal stimulation and atrioventricular blocks. Alpha-2 adrenergic drugs can also cause bradycardia by stimulating the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. Studies have shown that atropine increases the heart rate and prevents Amitraz induced bradycardia in Animals(2). In our patient atropine was given once with the adult dose. Amitraz and its active metabolites inhibits insulin and stimulate glucagon secretion, hyperglycemia was detected in our case as reported in previous studies by Demirel and colleagues[7] Kalyoncu and colleagues have reported hyponatremia in their three cases[9], Usually BUN, creatinine, serum sodium and potassium do not change with this poisoning, in our case creatinine, serum potassium and sodium were normal. Kalyoncu and associates have reported respiratory alkalosis in two, respiratory acidosis in three and metabolic acidosis in five cases[9], in our patient the analysis of blood gases were normal. Avsarogullari et al reported hyperglycemia and fast deterioration of the patients with amitraz poisoning(within 5 minutes of ingestion of toxin)[8] Whenever a patient presents with bradycardia and miosis, organophosphorus compound poisoning should be considered as a differential diagnosis a along with Amitraz. Other signs and symptoms of organophosphorus compound should be looked for and a cholinesterase level should be done. Amitraz levels in blood was not done because it was unavailable at our institute and other referral laboratories. It is made clear that the basic approach to a patient with amitraz poisoning involves initial stabilisation, reducing absorption and increasing elimination of the toxin. there is no specific antidote[2] medical management involves supportive measures like gastric lavage, activated charcoal administration and securing the airway. Depending on the patients condition additional measures like oxygen supplementation or mechanical ventilation for respiratory depression, atropine for severe bradycardia, intravenous fluids and vasopressors for hypotension, diazepam or lorazepam for seizures. This case report throws considerable light on the management of Amitraz poisoning, good prognosis with early recognition and timely supportive management as the available human toxicological data are limited. When appropriate timely supportive treatment is given, Amitraz intoxication in humans caries a low morbidity and mortality inspite of rapidly progressing and life threatening clinical picture. It has become imperative to instruct the pesticide manufacturers to initiate suitable measures to decrease the incidence of Amitraz poisoning  by placing prominent and clear warning labels on containers. References[D3]: Queiroz-Neto A, Zamur GSC, Carregar O AB, 182 Motoqueiro MI, Harkins JD, Tobin T. Characterization of the 183 antinociceptive and sedative effect of amitraz in horses. J Vet 184 Pharmacol Ther 1998; 21:400-5. 1852. Agin H, Calkavur S, Uzun H, Bak M. Amitraz poisoning: clinical and laboratory findings. Indian Pediatr 2004; 41:482-6. Eizadi-Mood N, Sabzghabaee AM, Gheshlaghi F, Yaraghi A. Amitraz Poisoning Treatment: Still Supportive? Iran J Pharmaceut Res 2011; 10:155-8. Shitole DG, Kulkarni RS, Sathe SS, Rahate PR. Amitraz poisoning-an unusual pesticide poisoning. J Assoc Physicians India 2010; 58:317-9. Jorens PG, Zandijk E, Belmans L, Schepens PJ, Bossaert LL. An unusual poisoning with the unusual pesticide amitraz. Hum Exp Toxicol 1997; 16:600-1. Jones RD. Xylene/amitraz: a pharmacologic review and profile. Vet Hum Toxicol 1990; 32:446-8. Demirel Y, Yilmaz A, Gursoy S, Kaygusuz K, Mimaroglu C. Acute amitraz intoxication: retrospective analysis of 45 cases. Hum Exp Toxicol 2006; 25:613-7. Avsarogullari L, Ikizceli I, Sungur M, Sà ¶zà ¼er E, Akdur O, Yà ¼cei M. Acute amitraz poisoning in adults: clinical features, laboratory findings, and management. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2006; 44:19-23. Kalyoncu M, Dilber E, Okten A. Amitraz intoxication in children in the rural Black Sea region: analysis of forty-three patients. Hum Exp Toxicol 2002; 21:269-72. [D1]1 Provide appropriate messages of about 35-50 words to be printed in centre box [D2]1 Include the tables/charts at appropriate places in the text it self. Do not include images in the text. Mark the point of insertion of images (e.g. Figure 1) along with the legends. Send the images separately as jpeg files (not larger than 100 kb each) [D3]1 Follow the punctuation marks carefully. Do not include unnecessary bibliographic elements such as issue number, month of publication, etc. Include names of six authors followed by et al if there are more than six authors.

The Conscience of Companies Today

Organizational or corporate social responsibility refers to the obligation of a business firm to seek actions that protect and improve the welfare of society along with its own interests. Corporate social responsibility often challenges businesses to be accountable for the consequences of their actions affecting the firm's stakeholders while they pursue traditional economic goals. The general public expects business to be socially responsible, and many companies have responded by making social goals a part of their overall business operations (Hay, 1989). This paper will discuss four companies that have a conscience towards our today's society, and helped to create a better community for all of us, they are Johnson & Johnson, American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T), Herman Miller, and Procter & Gamble. A crisis confronted Johnson & Johnson in the fall of 1982, when seven Chicago area residents died after taking Extra-Strength Tylenol capsules contaminated with cyanide. Not only was $400-million-per-year Tylenol the best-selling U.S. drug, but it was a product that symbolized the Johnson & Johnson reputation for quality, gentleness, and fine health care (Kreitner, 1990). Despite the pressures of dealing with national media coverage, J&J executive immediately opened their doors to the press and took great pains to keep the public informed about the situation. It soon became apparent that the cyanide had been put into the capsules after they had left J&J's factories, and the problem seemed to be confined to the Chicago area. Nevertheless, Tylenol sales sank to 20 percent of their previous level, and an opinion poll showed that 61 percent of Tylenol users intended to stop using the product. A major question that arose was what to do about the 31 million bottles of Extra-Strength Tylenol on drugstore shelves throughout the country. The FBI and Food and Drug Administration advised J&J managers not to take any drastic action. Even so, the managers promptly took the unprecedented step of recalling the unsold bottles, at a cost to the form of $100 million (Fortune, 1987). A few weeks later they decided to reintroduce Tylenol capsules in a triple-sealed, tamper-resistant package. In the months following the tragedy, the company established a consumer hot line and continued extensive cooperation with media. It also made a widely advertised refund offer to consumers for any pre-crisis capsules they still had, and its chairman, James E. Burke, appeared on the Donahue show. In an opinion poll taken 3 months after the tragedy, 93 percent of the public felt that J&J had done a good job of handling its responsibilities. In considering these events, David R. Claire, J&J's president, said, â€Å"Crisis planning did not see us through this tragedy nearly as much as the sound business management philosophy that is embodied in out Credo.† The Credo's first opening sentence is: â€Å"We believe our first responsibility is to the doctors, nurses and patients, to mothers and fathers and all others who use our products and services.† (Pearce & David, 1987) . Unfortunately, the importance of relying on the Credo was soon demonstrated again by another crisis. In early 1986, a 23-year-old woman died after taking a cyanide-laced Tylenol capsule. The company quickly offered to the replace capsules with caplets, tablets in the shape of capsules. The replacement effort cost J&J $150 million. In addition, J&J announced that it would no longer offer Tylenol in capsules-another bold and costly move in keeping with its Credo. The actions of J&J in the two Tylenol incidents earned the company widespread praise. Among Fortune's 300 most admired U.S. corporations, J&J was rated number one in 1987 on community and environmental responsibility. J&J's action in the Tylenol situation were unusually swift, decisive, and costly. In the mid-1990s, Tylenol remains one of the America's most popular and trusted brand names (Guzzardi, 1990). The product commands nearly one-third of the $3 billion brand name analgesic market. No other brand approaches have even 50 percent of Tylenol's market share. American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T) established goals for reducing air emissions, CFCs, solid waste, and hazardous waste in 1990. Under the direction of David R. Chittick, AT&T's vice-president of environment and safety, the company has either surpassed its operations, AT&T invested $25 million to develop an array of alternative technologies (Business Week, 1987). One, called how solids spray fluxer, eliminates the need for CFC solvents to clean excess flux from electronic circuit broads. AT&T is now selling this technology to some 25 other companies, among them IBM. AT&T even gives its ideas away at times, to help to create a better and safer environment for all. The company managed to eliminate virtually all its ozone-depleting substances a year and half before company's goal, and 2 years ahead of the worldwide ban. Now AT&T does not have to worry about the new U.S. law that requires companies to put warning labels on all goods that contain or are manufactured with ozone-depleting substances. The company figures that the cost of tracking and labeling all the tiny components and switching systems that it once manufactured with CFCs would add up to hundreds of thousands of dollars. The early phase out also will save AT&T $25 million annually. In addition, AT&T embraces total quality management (TQM) principles to solve the universal office pollution problem of too much paper. First, the company established a corporate paper reduction goal of 15 percent by 1995, then it created a corporate TQM team to figure out how to meet it. The department's TQM teams suggested simple ways to decrease paper consumption, such as eliminating cover pages and using electronic rather than printed media. The department was consuming 22 percent less paper within a year. Today, AT&T is one of the companies that has the reputation of saving the world. Company's ‘goes green' not only create a better place for communities, but also helping the company to save on a lot of costs. Herman Miller, Inc., proves that financial success and a constant striving to be a better corporate citizen are complementary, not contradictory, goals (Griffin, 1993). The company has long been as well known for its participative management system as for its innovative office furniture designs (Woodruff, 1991). The company is doing everything it can to lessen its adverse effect on the environment. It recycles leather, vinyl, foam, office paper, telephone books, lubricating oil, and even old office furniture. When it found that recycling 800,000 Styrofoam cups every year was not practical, it banned the cups and handed out 5,000 mugs. Instead of dumping into landfills the 4,000 tons of scrap fabric that it produces each year, it now ships them to a North Carolina firm that shreds them and turns them into insulation for car-roof linings and dashboards. Since 1982, much of the trash that can not be recycled has fueled Miller's waste-to-energy plant, which saves $750,000 a year in fuel and landfill costs and paid for itself in ten years, a decade ahead of schedule (Woodruff, 1991). Miller also recently spent $800,000 for two high-tech incinerators to burn the toxic solvents that escape during staining and varnishing. Miller's environmental consciousness extends beyond local and national products. One of the company's best-known products, the $2, 277 Earnes chair, was always finished with rosewood until the company's research manager realized that Herman Miller was contributing to the destruction of tropical rain forests. He consequently banned the use of rosewood and Honduran mahogany. Another test of Herman Miller's humane attitude came when some of its employees contracted the AIDS virus. When an AIDS victim in the company's Georgia plant decided to let the rest of the workers know about his condition, his supervisor took charge, acting as what Herman Miller Chairman Max DePree calls a â€Å"roving leader†. The supervisor told two managers, and then the three of them quickly told everyone in the plant, ensuring that rumors did not get started. On the next workday after the announcement, the company's director of health and wellness flew down from Michigan to show a video on AIDS and answer questions. With a history of such sensitivity to its environment and its workers, it is no surprise that Herman Miller tops lists of most-conscientious and best-managed companies (Nelson-Horchler, 1991). Procter & Gamble is another company that has a conscience by helping the community. The 23rd Summer Olympic Games will be held in Los Angeles, in July and August. This will be the high point of years of hard work and training by many of America's young athletes who are eager for an opportunity to make this country shine. But the U.S. Olympic Committee, which is responsible for fielding the U.S. team, depends on the American people to support these talented athletes. The U.S is the only major nation in the world whose Olympic athletes do not receive a continuing government subsidy. U.S competitors are supported solely by private donations. P&G has initiated several programs to help raise these funds, giving millions of Americans the chance to support this important cause (Cordtz, 1990). Five big separate coupon events, involving over thirty P&G brands, make up the company's Olympic promotions. They are designed to encourage consumer to purchase P&G brands and thus aid U.S. Olympic athletes. The company also sponsored a sweepstakes that helped to raise more funds. P&G Chairman of Board Owen B. Butler presented a check for $1 million, on behalf of the company to the U.S. Olympic Committee. P&G's past experience has taught the company to expect such business success. For the past four years, P&G has sponsored similar promotions benefiting the Special Olympics, and international sporting competition for mentally and physically handicapped children and adults. Business results have been very impressive. P&G helps itself by helping the communities. Four examples stated above say that corporate social responsibility does not necessarily lower profits but encourage firms to focus on long-run profits rather than short-run profits, and optimum profits rather than maximum profits (Post, Frederick, Lawrence, & Weber, 1996). Because of its obvious importance, organization proactively attempt to manage social responsibility (Van Fleet & Peterson, 1994). Moreover, the iron law of responsibility suggests that socially responsible behavior may have a positive long-run effect on organizational success.

Qu es el advance parole o permiso de viaje

El advance parole es un permiso de viaje es un requerimiento indispensable para que algunos extranjeros que se encuentran en los Estados Unidos puedan viajar fuera del paà ­s y regresar. Este artà ­culo informa sobre quià ©n,  deben solicitarlo, cuà ¡ndo, cà ³mo, costos, consecuencias de viajar sin solicitar este permiso y quà © formas puede tener una vez que es aprobado. Quià ©nes deben solicitar el permiso conocido como advance parole Son varias las categorà ­as de extranjeros que deben solicitar el advance parole para viajar al extranjero y regresar. Pero el punto comà ºn que tienen todos ellos es que son personas que està ¡n en la actualidad en los Estados Unidos y que si viajan al extranjero sin el permiso de viaje  no podrà ­an regresar porque carecen del debido documento migratorio, como serà ­a una visa và ¡lida o la tarjeta de residencia permanente.   A continuacià ³n, las situaciones en las que es necesario solicitar un advance parole o permiso de viaje: 1. Ajuste de estatus   La mà ¡s comà ºn es la de las personas que han solicitado un  ajuste de estatus  en el  proceso para adquirir la tarjeta de residencia (green card). Por ejemplo, algunos esposos de ciudadanos americanos y que cumplen con una serie de requisitos. Mientras se demora el proceso de ajuste de estaus, estas personas pueden viajar al extranjero siempre si tienen un advance parole. Sin embargo, no todas las personas en proceso de ajuste deben solicitarlo. Y es que existen las siguientes excepciones: las personas que ingresaron al paà ­s con visas K-3 (esposos de ciudadanos)K-4 (hijos de ciudadanos)H-1B (profesionales)   L-1 (transfer entre empresas) y que cuentan con una visa và ¡lida. Es muy importante el requisito de la validez del visado, ya que si no lo es, se deberà ¡ pedir el advance parole mientras se està ¡ en el proceso del ajuste de estatus. Asimismo, los que solicitan el ajuste porque ya tienen un estatus de refugiado o de asilado aprobado  y està ©n en proceso de ajuste de estatus para obtener la green card deben solicitar el documento para viajar al extranjero y poder regresar (ver mà ¡s abajo cuà ¡l aplica a este caso) y no el advance parole. 2. Solicitante de asilo Las personas que tienen una peticià ³n de asilo pendiente tambià ©n deben solicitar el advance parole antes de viajar fuera de los Estados Unidos. Pero no las que ya lo tienen aprobado, a quienes corresponde un documento para viajar (ver mà ¡s abajo). 3. Visa T o visa U aprobada La visa T se concede a personas que han sido và ­ctimas de trata de personas Por su parte, las visas U se otorgan a và ­ctimas de determinados delitos que han colaborado con las autoridades para resolver un crimen o lograr la condena del delincuente.   Sin embargo, cabe destacar que mientras se procesa la visa U o la T y està ¡ pendiente su aprobacià ³n, es aconsejable no viajar fuera de los Estados Unidos.   4. Accià ³n diferida aprobada Los muchachos y muchachas entre 15 y 30 aà ±os que hayan solicitado la accià ³n diferida, tambià ©n conocida como DACA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s,  y que ya la tengan aprobada pueden solicitar un advance parole para viajar al extranjero. 5. TPS Es una situacià ³n excepcional de proteccià ³n temporal que permite a los ciudadanos de determinados paà ­ses y que reà ºnen todos los requisitos seà ±alados por la ley permanecer en Estados Unidos y trabajar legalmente. En la actualidad aplica a ciudadanos de: El Salvador, Guinea, Haità ­, Honduras, Liberia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Sierra Leona, Somalia, Sudà ¡n, Sudà ¡n del Sur, Siria y Yemen. Quià ©nes no pueden pedir un advance parole Aunque una persona se encuentre dentro de las categorà ­as nombradas, es decir, ajuste de estatus, TPS, asilo pendiente, visa T o Visa U aprobados, no se puede solicitar el advance parole si se està ¡ en un proceso pendiente de deportacià ³n o expulsià ³n. Destacar que la excepcià ³n son los muchachos con DACA aprobado. Ademà ¡s, consultar con un abogado en todos los casos si es que se tienen una cita para comparecer en una corte migratoria o se tienen cualquier asunto criminal pendiente o una condena por un tema de delitos o faltas. Por otro lado, no pueden solicitar este permiso para viajar los migrantes indocumentados excepto, como ya se ha dicho, los muchachos con DACA aprobado, quienes en la actualidad se encuentran en una situacià ³n que podrà ­a calificarse de semi-legalidad.  ¿Cà ³mo se solicita el advance parole? Llenando el formulario I-131. Marcar la casilla correcta, ya que este documento tambià ©n se solicita para los casos en los que se pide un permiso de reentrada o un documento de viaje (ver mà ¡s abajo). Por lo tanto hay que checar dos veces para verificar que se marca lo correcto.   Si se està ¡ en un proceso de ajuste de estatus lo mà ¡s frecuente es que se envà ­e al mismo tiempo junto con el documento en que se solicita el ajuste y un permiso de trabajo.  ¿Cuà ¡ndo debe solicitarse el advance parole? Antes de salir de Estados Unidos. Ademà ¡s, tener en cuenta que en la mayorà ­a de los casos es necesario que le tomen al solicitante las huellas digitales (dactilares), para lo cual recibirà ¡ una cita. Si se viaja fuera antes de este trà ¡mite se considera que se ha abandonado la peticià ³n de advance parole, que queda sin efecto. Costos El costo de aplicar depende de la situacià ³n de cada uno y la razà ³n por la que aplica y hasta puede ser gratis.   Si se solicita el permiso de viaje junto con el ajuste de estatus y el permiso de trabajo ya no es necesario pagar una cuota adicional.   En los otros casos, la cuota es de $360, pero verificar siempre en el documento del USCIS en el que explica cà ³mo llenar el formulario, ya que esa cantidad puede cambiar.  Tambià ©n se puede verificar el costo llamando gratuitamente al USCIS a su servicio de atencià ³n al cliente marcando al 1-800-575-5283. Ademà ¡s, en algunos casos es posible solicitar una exencià ³n del pago y asà ­ saldrà ­a gratis.  ¿Cuà ¡nto se demora el advance parole? Suele tardar unos dos o tres meses en procesarse. Es posible solicitar una tramitacià ³n acelerada marcando al Centro Nacional de Atencià ³n al Cliente al 1-800-375-5283 o incluyendo una carta en la aplicacià ³n en la que se adjunta documentacià ³n que sirve para apoyar la peticià ³n. En casos realmente urgentes es posible que el solicitante se presente en una oficina del USCIS. Se puede buscar la mà ¡s cercana en esta aplicacià ³n. Bajar el cursor a mitad de pà ¡gina y ahà ­ clicar en el mapa de Estados Unidos encima del estado en el que se reside.   En este caso, se debe llevar la aplicacià ³n del I-131, un cheque para el pago de la tarifa, dos fotos tipo pasaporte y documentacià ³n de apoyo para demostrar la urgencia. Por ejemplo, un certificado de defuncià ³n o un informe mà ©dico.  ¿Cà ³mo luce e documento en el que se aprueba el advance parole? Una vez que el USCIS aprueba este permiso, puede lucir de dos formas: El documento que se conoce como I-512Una tarjeta de permiso de trabajo que sirve a su vez como advance parole y asà ­ lo dice el propio documento en la frase serve as I-512 Advance parole.  ¿El permiso de viaje o advance parole garantiza el ingreso a Estados Unidos? La respuesta a esa pregunta es negativa. Y es que siempre hay que tener presente que la à ºltima palabra la tiene el oficial migratorio de la CBP.   Ademà ¡s, tener en cuenta que las personas que ingresan, que son la mayorà ­a, son consideradas desde el punto de vista migratorio como parolee y, por el contrario, no es un admitted. Esta es una distincià ³n tà ©cnica y jurà ­dica que conviene tener en cuenta.  ¿Cuà ¡les son las consecuencias de no solicitar el advance parole? Se puede salir de Estados Unidos, pero el problema aparece en el momento en que se quiere regresar. El oficial migratorio puede impedirlo y en ese caso se tendrà ¡ que esperar fuera de Estados Unidos a que finalice el proceso. Ademà ¡s, en algunos casos en los que la persona ha estado en Estados Unidos ilegalmente por mà ¡s de 180 dà ­as puede saltar el problema aà ±adido del castigo de los tres y de los cinco aà ±os.   Finalmente, otra consecuencia es que se considere que se ha abandonado el trà ¡mite migratorio pendiente, con lo cual habrà ­a que iniciarlo de nuevo. Casos distintos al del advance parole, pero similares y que a veces se confunden Hay otros permisos para regresar a los Estados Unidos que no pueden confundirse con el advance parole. Se piden utilizando el mismo formulario pero se marca una casilla diferente. Las personas que tienen el estatus de refugiado o de asilado deben solicitar un documento que se conoce como documento para viajar para refugiados (refugee travel document, en inglà ©s), para estar capacitados para viajar fuera de los Estados Unidos. Los asilados no deben confundir dos situaciones: cuando la peticià ³n de asilo està ¡ pendiente, que es un advance parole lo que deben solicitar, y cuando el asilo ha sido aprobado, que se debe solicitar un refugee travel document.   A veces existen confusiones porque se pide utilizando el mismo formulario, el I-131, pero son distintos los documentos que se obtienen. Fijarse bien en el cuadradito que se marca cuando se pide el beneficio. Tambià ©n deben solicitar este documento para viajar los familiares de los refugiados y de los asilados que obtienen este estatus de forma derivada. Por otro lado, con el mismo formulario I-131 puede solicitarse un permiso de reentrada, que es diferente al permiso de viaje o advance parole. El de reentrada es un permiso por el que deben aplicar los residentes permanentes legales o los residentes condicionales que van a pasar mà ¡s de un aà ±o. Y es que los residentes tienen la obligacià ³n de residir en los Estados Unidos y tienen que respetar ciertas reglas de tiempos en sus estadà ­as en otros paà ­ses. Por el contrario,un caso completamente distinto es el de los residentes permanentes que sà ³lo tienen la green card estampada en el pasaporte porque todavà ­a no han recibido la de plà ¡stico. Estas personas pueden viajar sin necesidad de pedir permiso previo. Parole que pueden pedir las personas que se encuentran en el extranjero para ingresar a USA Un caso completamente distinto es el del parole que piden extranjeros fuera de Estados Unidos para ingresar al paà ­s. Aquà ­ se hace una mencià ³n porque a veces se confunden con el permiso para viajar. Pero son cosas diferentes que aplican a casos distintos. Los casos de parole que se solicitan desde el extranjero son: Por razones humanitarias extraordinarias como razones mà ©dicas o legales, como por ejemplo, testificar en un juicio.Programa de menores centroamericanosPrograma de reunificacià ³n familiar para cubanos y haitianos Conclusià ³n Los extranjeros presentes en Estados Unidos con un proceso migratorio pendiente deben asegurarse antes de viajar a otro paà ­s si para ellos existe el requerimiento de solicitar un advance parole antes de salir. Y eso aplica asà ­ sea para cruzar a Canadà ¡ o a Mà ©xico a una localidad justo pegada a la frontera con Estados Unidos y por sà ³lo unas horas. Este artà ­culo es meramente informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Financial Decisions Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2799 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The concept of cost of capital has been used in capital budgeting as the discounted rate or the minimum required rate of return. The cost of capital is the minimum required rate of return; a project must earn in order to cover the cost of raising funds being used by the firm in financing of the proposal. This can be substantiated as These funds can be procured from different types of investors i.e. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Financial Decisions Example For Free" essay for you Create order equity share e funds investors depends upon the risk perception of the investors as well as on the risk-return characteristics of the firm. The determination of the firms cost of capital is important from the point of view of both capital budgeting as planning importance of cost of capital are as follows: Capital budgeting decisions: In capital budgeting decisions, the cost of capital is often used as a discount rate on the basis of which the for of new capital expenditure proposals. The decision of the finance manager will be rate which equals to its cost of capital in order to make at least a break even. Capital structure decisions: The cost lso an important consideration in capital stricter decisions. The finance manager must raise capital from in a way that it optimizes the risk and cost factors. The sources of funds which have high risk. Rising of loans may, necessary that cost of each source of funds is carefully considered and the risk involved with it. Basis for evaluating the financial performance: The be used as a till to cost of capital funds raised to finance the project. If profitability of the project is when compared to the actual, the performance can be evaluated as satisfactory. Basis for making financial decisions: The employees as a tool in making other important financial decisions such as dividend policy, , working capital Factors affecting the cost of capital of a firm The upon he risk characteristic of the firm, risk internal phenomenon and a mental attitude. If stress is the condiment, strain is the salt and if there is an imbalance in the condiment-salt relationship, the result is impalatable. Stress is generally believed to have a deleterious effect on health and performance. But a minimum level of stress is necessary for effective functioning and peak performance. It is the individuals perception of the investors and a host of other factors. Following are some of the are relevant for the determination of cost of capital of the firm: Risk free interest rate: The risk free interest rate, If is the interest rate on the risk free and default free securities. For example, the of India are taken as risk free and default free in respect of payment of periodic interest repayment on maturity. The marketexecutive acts out of hope or success influence, orderliness, relevance, acceptance or growth, this is the approach style. The avoidance style is indicated by an executive acting out of fear of failure, helplessness, chaos, irrelevance, exclusion or inadequacy sources of demand and spply determines the If , which is consisting of two components: Real interest rate: the for the organization, the cost of recruiting, hiring and training new staff to replace burnt out staff is far higher than retaining and rehabilitating burnt-out workers. Often burnt-out individuals are the prime of their lives or peak of their carriers. Hence, it is not always easy to find replacements for them. You can always begin by analyzing your personality. If you move rapidly, are impatient with the speed at which events are taking place and try to do more than one thing at a time, you may be showing signs of burnout. Burnout can be avoided by finding a sense of importance in something besides work. Building relationship with the family and developing surrendering the funds for a particular period. Purchasing power risk premium: when a lender lends money, he infact lends his present acceptance or growth, this is the approach style. The avoidance style is indicated by an executive acting out of fear of failure, helplessness, chaos, irrelevance, exclusion or inadequacyor seeking others help or jointly working with others for the solutionpurchasing power ayment, he recovers the same face value money. But if the prices ha the same period, then he is not getting back the same purchasing power which he lend. Business risk: The business risk is related to the response of the firms earning before interest and taxes (EBIT) to revenue. Every project has its effect on the business risk of the firm. If a firm accepts a proposal average will probably raise the cost of funds so as to be compensated risk. This premium added for the business risk compensation is also known as business risk premium. Financial risk: The financial risk c the trauma of workplace bullying leaves the target feeling powerless, confused, disoriented, helpless and paralyzed. According to a survey, 45% of targeted individuals suffer stress-related health problems. Of those individuals, 80% suffer from debilitating anxiety, 39% suffer from clinical depression and in addition 30% of women and 21% of men suffer from postal stress disorder. In very rare cases, bullying has led to deaths from heart attacks and suicide. Normal well-adjusted members of society can also fall prey to destructive bullying tactics when their positions or authority are questioned. However when bullies histories are researched, most likely you will not find an affect the, known as the financial plan or the capital structure, can affect the return, etc. the financial risk is often defined as the likely hood that the firm would its fixed financial charges. It is related to the response of the firms earning per share to a variation in EBIT. The fi nancial risk is a affected by the capital structure plan of the firm. Higher the proportion of the overall capital structure greater would be the financial risk. Other consideration: The investors or marketability omay be due to the fact that more women are pursuing carriers and obtaining education. The research is trying to prove that women who have more trouble obtaining balancing their work-life and family duties go on to have fewer additional children. Flexibility in the workplace can be a huge relief to a person struggling to balance their carrier and home life. Until men and women reach a true egalitarian relationship this conflict will remainf the investment. Higher the liquidity available with an investment, the investors. If the investment is not easily marketable, then the investors may add for this also and consequently rate of return. In view of the above, the cost of capital may be defined as, k = If k = of different sources If = risk free interest f = financial risk premium The equation indicates type of funds, the business risk premium and the financial risk premium. If the a firm wants her first job at vacation within a year of qualifying as a chartered accountant. Mala plunged headlong into her new assignment. Her brief was to set up vacations management accounting division and design the information and reporting systems. Her job required her to work long hours late into the night. But Mala didnt mind; the culture at vacation and its working environment help to bring out the best in her. Two years later, Mala got married. But that didnt alter her style or her approach to the job in any way. It didnt take Mala long to realize that while the hotels industry paid accountants salaries that were higher than in many other industries such jobs lacked a certain depth. There was more to accounting than just departmental profitability, she felt, and a place like Vacation would not be able to provide her with the opportunity to learn and grow as an accountant. I am losing touch with what I was trained for. At this rate, I will be a misfit in any other industry she told her husband. Sensing her growing insecurit y, he advised her to keep up with the latest developments in finance by regularly reading to raise funds by the issue of security then, it must offer a return in he form of interest or. In other words the investor will be ready to supply the funds only a return which is at least equal to the opportunity cost of the investor. The opportunity cost of the investor may be defined as the return forgone, investment opportunity of the same or comparable r COST OF BONDS AND DEBENTURES The is determined by the following variables: The current level of. The level of interest cost of debt of the firm also increase. The default risk of the firm. As the d But she preferred not to dwell on the issues involved. The following week Mala was busy putting together a 200 page report which she had finalized the previous week for a joint venture. A preliminary presentation to the company was scheduled, but Desai insisted that she stick to the administrative aspects of the report even though they could have been delegated and although he knew that Mala was keen on working on the presentation herself. Desai was adamant for the first time and said something that rankled, lets be clear who the boss is. I am not going to submit in subordination. You may be a chartered efault risk of the firm increases the cost of bonds and debentures will also increase. One way is to se the bond rating for the firm; higher credit rating leads to lower interest rates, and lower rating leads t o higher interest rates. The of tax rate. The tax benefit that accrues from paying interest makes the after tax cost of debt lower than the pre-tax cost. The and is subject to the terms and conditions relating to the rate of interest, timings of interest repayment amount etc. the of the firm. In order to find of the cost of capital of debts, the following is required. Net proceeds from the issue: this refers to the net cash inflow at the time of issue of debt. This is calculated as Bo = FV + ndgd Bo = net proceeds FV = face value of debt Pm = owed at the time of issue of debt F = flotation cost Periodic payments of interest: in most of the cases, the firm has to pay interest on debt instruments. To simplify is assumed to be payable annually. Maturity payments: the principle amount of debt instrument or loan will be payable by the firm on the maturity date. This may be paid together with the interest for the lat year. COST OF EQUITY SHARE CAPITAL The holders of equity shares are he residual owners of the firm and provide long term funds expecting to be rewarded with an increase in the economic vale of the share. This value comprises the interlocking the market value of the share, which in turn is affected by the risks specific to the industry and to the individual firm. Equity share capital like other sources also has a cost. Just as in the case of debt the investors will invest the funds if they expect a With each passing day she found it increasingly difficult to perform her tasks meaningfully. Subordinates became less communicative and side stepped her preferring to deal with Desai directly. As if that were not enough Desai took to convening departmental meetings after office hours despite knowing that mala had to leave by 6pm in order to pick up her baby from the crà ¨che where he spent his day. Even so Mala often stayed back when the need arose. Desai began holding his meeting without even telling her and then bera ting her next morning about being absent. Desai became even more difficult in the following weeks. Finally, when it seemed to Mala that the impasse showed no signing of easing she decided to grave the bull by the horns. But Desai was curled and formal with her when she met him. You showed great promise when you joined. But I can now see how incompetent you are, he said throwing across to her a statement she had submitted to him the previous week. Even your subordinate who is not chartered accountant has found errors in your calculation and when all he data was right there under your noseÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦. Mala could feel her palms and neck drenched in swept back her desk. Mala looked at the return from the firm, which they will compensate them for surrendering the funds as well as the risk undertaken. The return in case of equity shares is available basically, in the form of dividends from the firm. Therefore, the potential investors of equity share capital from th e firm. This stream of dividends may be discounted to get the present value of such stream. The rate of discount at which such streams are discounted to determine their present value is known as the cost of the equity share capital. WEIGHTED AVERAGE COST OF CAPITAL After calculating the cost of each component of capital, the average cost of capital is generally as overall cost of capital. The overall cost of capital may be defined as the rate of return that must be earned by the firm in order to satisfy the requirements of different investors. This overall cost of capital should as the weighted average rather than simple average of simple average of different. WACC = ke.w1 + kd.w2 + kp.w3 kd = after tax cost of debt kp = cost of preference shares w2 = proportion of debt in capital structure w3 = proportion of preference shares in capital structure The computation of the weighted average cost of capital involves the following steps: Calculation of the cost of each specific source of funds: This involves the determination of the cost of debt, equity capital, preference capital, etc. this can be done either tax basis. This is because the return to the shareholders is an important figure in determining the cost of capital and they can get dividends only after the taxes have been paid. Assigning weights to specific costs: This involves. Marginal weights method: weights are assigned to each source of funds, in proportion of financing inputs the firm intends to employ. The method is based on this logic that our average cost of capital so cal and have been appointed only on past experience basis she could have though of Network again. When her immediate boss Desai pointed her mistakes which she never committed and behaved in an occurred manner even after she was appreciated by the owner of Network, instead of ignoring him she could have directly approached the boss and discuss culated may be different from the actual cost of capital. This may lead to wrong capital investment decisions. Historical weights method: the relative proportion of various sources to the existing capital employed by the firm. This is based on the assumption that the firms present capital structure is optimum and it should be maintained in the future also. Target weights: the target weights refer to the proportion in whi ch he firm plans to raise the funds, the firm n the first instance, decides about the shape of the optimal capital structure and the optimal capital structure, but in, the firm intends to shape it as an optimal capital structure. The weights to be used for calculation of WACC can either be based on the book value or the market value of the funds raised from different sources. Book value weights: the weights are said to be book value weights if the proportions of different sources are ascertained on the basis value weights can be easily calculated by taking the relevant information from the capital structure as given in the balance sheet of the firm. The book value a sound weighing system a firm may design its capital structure in terms of as it appears in the balance sheet. Market value weights: in order to calculate the market value weights the firm has to find out the current market each category. However, a problem may arise if there is no market value available for a pa rticular type of security. The advantages of using the market value weights may be: weights are consistent with the concept of maintaining market value capital of the investors required rate of return. weights yield good estimate of the cost of capital that would be incurred additional funds from the market. However, the market value weights suffer from some limitations as follows: Not only of equity share is to be segregated into capital and retained earnings. Are subject to change from time to time and so the concept of optimal capital structure in terms of relevant any longer. External factors will, the investment decision process will be influenced by the external factors. Adding of of all sources of funds to get an overall weighted average cost of capital isk. So, the cost of be defined of supplier of funds i.e. investors.