The Use of 3tesla in Clinical Settings

Introduction The Tesla, whose symbol is T, is an international standard of unit’s derived measure for magnetic flux intensity, commonly denoted as B. In the technical field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Tesla (T) is the measurement unit of computing the power of a magnetic field. Before the usage of the 3 Tesla power systems, the strongest field used in medical imaging was 1.5 Tesla.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Use of 3tesla in Clinical Settings specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The new 3 Tesla system generates twice the strength of the previously used 1.5 Tesla imaging system, and can offer 10 to 15 times the power of open MRI scanning systems. The new 3 Tesla system of imaging produces brilliant atomic elements and offers higher image clarity, which is exactingly productive for pathological situations, especially on internal organs, the musculoskeletal system and spine injuries. The modelâ €™s benefits are not only confined to magnetic resonance imaging, but also the high level spatial resolution of the system, which allows for high definition vascular imaging. The system is further, highly efficient, registering shorter scanning durations, and offering increased patient comfort without compromising the quality of the imaging results. The success of the higher field imaging technology has attained such high levels of usage preference, because it has capitalized on improved coil designs, registers higher RF penetration and offers lower signal-to-noise ratios. 1This paper is a discussion of the advantages of using higher magnetic fields in imaging, and the challenges of shifting to higher magnetic fields, drawing from the operational characteristics of nuclear spin.2 Discussion The advantages of using higher field imaging include the realization of a higher signal-to-noise quotient, as opposed to the earlier field models, which offered inferior spectral resolutions for different applications. This advantage is based on improving the model of the proton spin noise signal, placed in a highly tuned low-noise resonant, where there are varied magnetic field gradients, as the 3 Tesla model uses a high intensity magnet as well as a low one. As a result, there is a resultant modification of the projection-reconstruction protocol. In many imaging instances, these areas of benefit impact positively, on the temporal or spatial resolution imaging, as compared to those previously realized using the older lower field systems.Advertising Looking for essay on natural sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The increased signal to noise ratio, further, leads to decreased acquisition durations and an increased space resolution. S.N.R. offers the opportunity for increased frequency between metabolite climaxes during spectroscopy, which serve as further improvements in the field of medical imaging.3 Highe r field imaging offers higher imaging quality, which is based on better contrast and noise resolution. The noise factor is normally, caused by the random movement of the electrons, ejected by the patient’s body and the detector coils. In the case of using higher field imaging, all other factors remaining constant, the intensity/ power of the signal resulting from a voxel is directly proportional to the voxel volume. In such a case, SNR is equal to the volume of the voxel, multiplied by the square root of the signal acquisition duration.4 Therefore, these developments are employed towards decreasing the Volex volume, towards the improvement of spatial resolution so as to reduce the SNR levels registered. The spatial resolution factor reflects the sharpness of the images collected from the imaging system.5 There is the advantage of chemical shift, which results from fractional shielding of the outer field, at the area of the nuclei – at the nuclei of the electron coverin g of the molecules. The shielding impact is related to the strength of the field, especially, that of the outer permanent magnet. For instance, one impact is that the chemical shift taking place between methylene and water signals is the dominating signals from methylene and fatty acids, which total to an approximate level of 440 Hz at the 3 Tesla field in question. 6As a result, there in an improvement in spectral fat repression and spectroscopy, which are vital in magnetic imaging.7 Based on this advantage, higher field magnetic resonance imaging allows for the effective imaging of aorta, heart, blood vessel and coronary arteries in an effective and speedy, non-invasive manner. 8 This has been made possible by the significant advances in gradient coil technology, a factor that creates better implementation of sequences, including â€Å"balanced steady state free precession.† This allows for faster imaging, increased spatial resolutions, speed and increase in imaging efficie ncies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Use of 3tesla in Clinical Settings specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, the model is effective in offering detailed imaging, which is useful in reflecting heart complications and coronary artery conditions. From using this higher field imaging models, medical specialists are able to determine the impacts of such conditions on the hearts and the organs surrounding the heart. This is particularly the case, when trying to determine the thickness and the size of the different chambers of the heart, as well as establish the level of damage that may have resulted from progressive heart complications or persistent heart attack cases. From this breakthrough, heart specialists are able to explain complications of the heart, distinguishing the conditions that need further corrective therapy through models like operation, recommending dietary changes, for instance, the call to reduce the intake of calories from fatty foods.9 Higher field imaging offers highly detailed images from soft-tissue areas, especially, those around and near bone areas. This elevated projection-reconstruction protocol, makes it possible to realize an entirely non-invasive imaging of these opaque organs, at extremely increased levels of clarity, without the usage of x-rays or radio-frequency radiation, which can cause adverse effects. Some of the areas that are effectively addressed by this higher field model include joint problems and spinal injuries. This advantage is of great significance, as it offers a model, from which comprehensive imaging of soft-tissues can be realized and administered, as opposed to the inability to offer such detailed imaging of these areas, which was not realized using lower field imaging. From this strength, medical imaging specialists are able to address complicated conditions, these including sports-related injuries, particularly those that affect areas not fully addressed by low field imaging.10 Higher field imaging has also risen to offer an effective replacement for the traditional model of x-ray mammography, which was used as a critical model for the detection of breast cancer at earlier development stages.Advertising Looking for essay on natural sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the model offers highly yielding benefits, as compared to the traditional x-ray model, as it does not expose the patients to the risk of exposure to radiations, which are attributed to the development of certain types of cancers. The disadvantage of the earlier models of imaging, including x-rays are that, as a result of their high concentration of the energy stored, as well as the vast cross-section of their release, nuclear spin isomers present a threat, thus have attracted further interest towards research on administering models devoid of these defects. In this regard, the higher field imaging model has offered an effective, time saving model, which can help medical specialists in detecting the incidences of breast cancer, without placing the patients at the risk of the adverse effects of continuous exposure to radiations. The advantage of the model is that it is safe for the detection of sensitive areas, which may not be exposed to the radiations resulting from other d iagnostic models like x-rays. These sensitive areas include the female and male reproductive organs and systems in general, the bladder and the pelvis. Therefore, the new level of imaging has offered a highly effective, time-saving, risk-free model of diagnosing the problems of highly sensitive organs, which can be administered as frequently as possible, as it presents no risk to the recipients of the therapeutic services.11 The challenges of going to higher fields in medical imaging include that the model does not accommodate the diagnostics of people with cardiac pacemakers, as it may cause them fatal effects, due to the interference between the magnetic field of the imaging system and certain components of the pacemaker. The effects result from the likely magnetic field interference, including the effects of heating, reed-switch closure due to the high magnetic field, as well as the stimulation or impact of sensing ability, which results from the gradient fields used in higher fi eld imaging. As a result, the technology presents the challenge of not being able to address the medical diagnostic needs of these excluded groups. However, these groups may be covered by the therapy, after it has been taken through some innovative development or after the adoption of protective measures to protect such patients.12 Other groups that cannot be exposed to this diagnostics model include pregnant women, and the patients using brain and aneurism clips. The effectiveness of higher radiation imaging is affected by certain clothing, especially those that have metallic objects and patients who have used certain make-up compounds, which contain metal particles, as these can ruin or degrade the quality of the images collected.13 One major challenge with the usage of the higher field imaging technology is that the patients undergoing diagnosis, are required to lie down inside the cylinder-like room at the machine, which may be uncomfortable for many; relaxation kinetics develop ment.14 This ineffectiveness is mainly because; the new higher field models are created to offer imaging postures, where the object under imaging is as close as possible to the detection coils, as this increases the level of sensitivity, thus clearer images. These detection coils are responsible for absorbing and re-emitting the field radiation, thus must lie close to the object being imaged, though the proximity may be varied depending on the strength of the field and the magnetic properties of the functional isotopes.15 The niobium titanium superconductor materials used to engineer the higher field imaging systems are limited to certain levels of the magnetic fields, which can be produced by the systems, mainly because of the critical field variation of these semiconductor materials. This challenge draws from the response by the overall magnetization of the nuclear spins, as exploited under magnetic resonance imaging. As a result, the challenge of limited field abilities should be resolved by improving on the semiconductor technology, so that maximum benefit can be drawn from the model. However, this challenge is likely to affect the technology further, as attempts to increase the strength of the fields, will come with corresponding increment in cryogen consumption, weight of the machinery and concerns regarding perimeter fields for sitting. Weight in particular, can be an issue, despite the developments to install principal passive shielding. In the area of safety, major challenges come in the way of ferromagnetic projectiles, heightened electromagnetic effects and heightened torques on medical implants and devices. One major engineering challenge remains the shift towards producing high-strength, homogenous transmission of B1 magnetic fields, and still manages to maintain the regulatory guidelines to be met, with reference to tissue power outlook.16 Conclusion Tesla, whose symbol is T, is the SI unit for magnetic flux intensity. In the field of technical m agnetic resonance imaging, Tesla is the unit of measure for computing the power of a magnetic field. Before the shift to the usage of 3 Tesla power systems, 1.5 Tesla power systems were used. 3 Tesla systems offer twice the strength of the previous systems, and present up to 10-15 times the power of open MRI scanning systems. 3 Tesla imaging systems offer increased image clarity, which is highly effective for pathological situations of the spine, musculoskeletal systems and international organs. The system is also effective, in terms of diagnostics durations, improved patient comfort and high image clarity. The advantages of using higher field imaging include higher signal-to-noise ratio, and comprehensive imaging of soft tissues, especially those around bone areas like joints. The model offers a risk-free replacement of x-ray technology in detecting cancers like breast cancer, and the fact that it is radiation-free. The challenges of shifting to higher fields imaging include that i t cannot be used with patients using cardiac pacemakers and women who are pregnant. The shift to the new technology is also challenged by the interference caused by metals and metal particles, the comfort concerns among many users of the service, and the inability to balance the magnetic fields and the effect it imposes on the health of the patients. The model is also challenged by the semiconductor used, which is affected by its critical field variation. Bibliography Bernstein, Matt, Khan, King, and Xiaojing Zhou. Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences. Massachusetts: Elsevier Academic Press, 2004. Edelstein, William, Paul, Bottomley, and Lincoln Pfeifer. â€Å"A signal to noise calibration procedure for NMR imaging systems.† Med Phys 11 (1984): 180–185. McRobbie, Donald et al. MRI From picture to Proton. Cambridge: Cambridge university press, 2006. Stafford, Jason. â€Å"High Field MRI: Technology, Applications, Safety, and Limitations.† Aapm, 2007. Web. Westbrook, C atherine, Carolyn Kaut. MRI in Practice. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1998. Footnotes 1 Catherine Westbrook Carolyn Kaut, MRI in Practice (Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1998), 225. 2 Matt Bernstein, King Khan, and Zhou Xiaojing, Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences (Massachusetts: Elsevier Academic Press, 2004), 14. 3Donald McRobbie et al., MRI From picture to Proton (Cambridge: Cambridge university press, 2006), 28. 4 Donald McRobbie et al., MRI From picture to Proton (Cambridge: Cambridge university press, 2006), 202. 5 Jason Stafford, â€Å"High Field MRI: Technology, Applications, Safety, and Limitations,† Aapm, 2007. 6 William Edelstein, Paul Bottomley, and Lincoln Pfeifer, â€Å"A signal to noise calibration procedure for NMR imaging systems,† Med Phys 11 (1984): 180–185. 7 Donald McRobbie et al., MRI From picture to Proton (Cambridge: Cambridge university press, 2006), 207. 8 Donald McRobbie et al., MRI From picture to Proton (Cambridge: Cambridge university pres s, 2006), 28. 9 Jason Stafford, â€Å"High Field MRI: Technology, Applications, Safety, and Limitations,† Aapm, 2007. 10 Matt Bernstein, King Khan, and Zhou Xiaojing, Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences (Massachusetts: Elsevier Academic Press, 2004), 15. 11 Matt Bernstein, King Khan, and Zhou Xiaojing, Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences (Massachusetts: Elsevier Academic Press, 2004), 14. 12 Catherine Westbrook Carolyn Kaut, MRI in Practice (Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1998), 225. 13 Donald McRobbie et al., MRI From picture to Proton (Cambridge: Cambridge university press, 2006), 28. 14 Jason Stafford, â€Å"High Field MRI: Technology, Applications, Safety, and Limitations,† Aapm, 2007. 15 Jason Stafford, â€Å"High Field MRI: Technology, Applications, Safety, and Limitations,† Aapm, 2007. 16 Donald McRobbie et al., MRI From picture to Proton (Cambridge: Cambridge university press, 2006), 28. 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Organization Study at Sarathy Motors Kollam Essays

Organization Study at Sarathy Motors Kollam Essays Organization Study at Sarathy Motors Kollam Essay Organization Study at Sarathy Motors Kollam Essay AN ORGANIZATION STUDY AT SARATHY MOTORS, KOLLAM A report submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of degree of Master of Business Administration (CSS) of Kerala University Submitted by ASWIN M (Register No: 1105612) Under the guidance of Faculty guide Project guide Mrs. ANJU MURALEEDARAN Mrs. DEEPA M Institute of Management of Kerala University of Kerala Kundara September 2012 DECLARATION I, Aswin M, hereby declare that the project report titled â€Å"Organizational Study at Sarathy Motors in Kollam District has been done by me under the guidance of Mrs. Anju Muraleedaran , Faculty member of Institute Of Management, Kundara centre, University Of Kerala, I also declare that this project report had not been submitted by me, as fully or partially, for the award of any degree or diploma. Place: Kundara Aswin M Date ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all I thank Almighty God for all his blessing and for giving me strength, wisdom, and presence of mind in successfully completing this project. I would also like to thank G. Rajesh, Coordinator IMK Kundara, for giving an opportunity to experience a working environment of Sarathy Motors. I am grateful to my faculty guide Anju Muraleedaran for his great support for doing my work. I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to Mrs. Deepa M, HR Manager, Sarathy Motors for her helpful attitude to me. Finally I would like to thank all those who encouraged me in the completion of my project report. Aswin M LIST OF CONTENTS SL. NO| CHAPTER NAME| PAGE NO. | 1. | INTRODUCTION| 1-5| 2. | INDUSTRY PROFILE| 7-24| 3. COMPANY PROFILE| 25-33| 4. | ORGANISATION STRUCTURE| 35| 5. | ANALYSIS – OBJECT WISE| 36-62| 6. | SWOT ANALYSIS, PEST PORTER’S FIVE FORCE MODEL ANALYSIS| 63-72| 7. | FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS ANDCONCLUSION| 73-76| 8| BIBLIOGRAPHYAPPENDIX| 77-80| LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS SL NO| TABLE/CHART| PAGE NO| 1| ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE| 35| 2| STRUCTURE OF HR DEPARTMENTS| 38| 3| STRUCTURE OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT| 46| 4| STRUCTURE OF SPARE DEPARTMENT| 49| 5| STRUCTURE OF SALES AND MARKETING DEPARTMENT| 54| 6| STRUCTURE OF SERVICE DEPARTMENT| 58|

A Cautionary Analysis of Transhumanist Philosophy Essay -- Philosophy

To understand many of the dangers and shortcomings of these technological ambitions, it is essential to first understand the philosophy which has become so synonymous with these efforts. Transhumanism can best be described as a philosophy which advocates the use of technology in order to improve not only the quality of life of human beings, but also their lifespan, mental capacity, and physical ability. In essence, transhumanism is a radical extension of humanism. Similar to humanists, transhumanists value â€Å"rational thinking, freedom, tolerance, democracy, and concern for our fellow human beings.† The major difference in the case of transhumanism, however, is the additional belief in improving not only the â€Å"human condition and the external world,† but the human species as a whole. When arguing for biological enhancements, transhumanists typically refer to a belief in the autonomy th ijntje Smits. â€Å"A European Approach to Human Enhancement.† Paper presented at the European Union Science and Technology Options Assessment workshop, Brussels, Belgium, February 24, 2009. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/events/workshop/20090224/background_en.pdf (accessed March 24, 2010). Aubrey de Grey, â€Å"The War on Aging.† In The Scientific Conquest of Death, edited by Bruce J. Klein, 29-45. Buenos Aires: LibrosEnRed, 2004. http://www.imminst.org/SCOD.pdf (accessed March 24, 2010). Andy Miah. â€Å"Be Very Afraid: Cyborg Athletes, Transhuman Ideals Posthumanity.† Jounral of Evolution Technology 13, no. 1. (October 2003), http://jetpress.org/volume13/miah.html (accessed March 24, 2010). Andy Miah. â€Å"Posthumanism: A Critical History.† In Medical Enhancement and Posthumanity, edited by Ruth Chadwick and Bert Gordjin, 71-94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009.

No topic Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

No topic - Term Paper Example Our hospital provides our patients with 24/7 psychological support. Moreover, there is a perfect opportunity for family members to take part in these meetings and see positive results of our help. In spite of our efforts, there are some complaints from our patients. We clearly realize that they suffer from constant pain and depression and that is why we would like to apologize for making you and your mother worry. We can assure you that we do our best to make our patients feel comfortable in the process of treatment. We can solve this problem together and work in the name of good emotional conditions of our patients. We would like to invite you to visit meetings and trainings, which are free of charge and available for family members of our patients at any convenient time. Programs of support â€Å"Trust me†, â€Å"We hear you†, â€Å"We shall overcome† are available online at www.wakemed. com. You can contact me via email or by cell phone, which I specified on my visit card you have. We are looking forward to cooperation, understanding and help from you. Let’s help your mother live through this difficult period in her life

Same-sex marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Same-sex marriage - Essay Example As the debate escalates over same sex marriage, the religious community of America remains with divided opinion on homosexuals entering marriage bond. When one idealizes of marriage, it is the image of a man and woman come in the minds. A marriage is an institution where a man and women take vow to love and care each other and procreate to keep the family lineage alive. It is revealed that, seventy percent of people in US oppose gay marriage and same proportion of people favor the same. It means the same people who opposed this issue are also favoring it on the other side. However, same sex marriages are not natural phenomena to talk about, as it does not result in an offspring which is a main objective of the union between man and woman. To accept same sex marriage is equal to being unnatural and provokes evil and immoral thoughts in the mind of people and creates a society which will eliminate the expanse of humanity. Genuinely speaking, homosexuals and gays have same right to live happily like any other person, and if they will to enter a marriage it not a very deniable act. Thinking from the point of view of human and civil rights, it can be argued that there is nothing wrong in giving them a platform to live joyfully. Considering the rights of homosexuals, five states of US have made legal the domestic partnership or civil unions of these groups.

Mid Term Review Essay Example for Free

Mid Term Review Essay 1. For each pair of terms, explain the differences in their meanings. A. Diffusion, osmosis Diffusion is the process where molecules move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. Osmosis is basically the same, but with water. B. cell division, mitosis Cell division is part of mitosis, when a cell splits into two. Mitosis has more steps than just cell division. C. facilitated diffusion, active transport Active transport is where a cell uses energy to move molecules. Facilitated diffusion is the same as diffusion, just when they pass through integral proteins. D. endocytosis, exocytosis Endocytosis is when useful nutrients are put into a cell. Exocytosis is when useful materials are removed from the cell. Multiple Choice: 2. Voltage sensitive channels help cells communicate by A. electrical signals B chemical stimuli C. binding to molecules D. insulin molecules 3. Cells sense chemical signals by using: A. hormones B. receptor proteins C. signaling messengers D. surface markers 4. The process by which water moves into and out of the cell is: A. facilitated diffusion B. osmosis C. active transport D. diffusion 5. A cell uses some of its energy to move molecules by A. osmotic pressure B. active transport C. diffusion D. osmosis 6. The sodium-potassium pump A. requires no energy B. moves potassium out of the cell. C. enables sugars to enter cells. D. works independently of channels. 7. Which is an example of active transport? A. sodium-potassium pump B. electron pump C. endocytosis D. facilitated diffusion 8. Particles too large to pass through protein channels in the cell membrane may enter the cell by: A. exocytosis B. selective transport C. endocytosis D. osmotic pressure 9. During mitosis: A. chromosomes are copied B. chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell C. cytoplasm divides in half D. a new cell wall forms in the center of the cell. 10. If a cell has 8 chromosomes before cell division, how many chromosomes will each of the two new cells have at the end of cell division? A. 16 B. 8 C. 4 D. 32 11. During cell division in bacteria A. a circle of DNA is copied B. chromosomes coil and move C. the cell splits into 3 parts D. two new nuclei are formed Completion: 12. After mitosis, the cytoplasm of cells is pinched in half. In cells of plants, cell walls are formed. 13. If placed in water, a cell would swell and possibly burst due to osmotic pressure being too high. 14. A type of active transport system that uses light or chemical energy to move molecules that are required for cell metabolism is called the proton pump Short Answer: 15. What two helpful jobs are performed by the surface markers on cells? Cell markers tell your cells what type of cells they are and where they are to go, plus what type of cells they can join with. 16. Explain why animal cells do not burst due to osmotic pressure. When the amount liquid in the animal cell rises, the difference between that pressure and the osmotic pressure decreases. When the pressure levels even out, the cell intake stops. 17. Describe the events that result in the formation of two complete nuclei in a eukaryotic cell. This process is called mitosis and it has four phases, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. First, the cell breaks down and bound together at one point. Next, the chromosomes separate into two. Then, the plasma membrane of the cell pinches the middle of the cell so the entire cell can divide into two separate cells.

Essay --

In his writings, Max Weber brought into focus the increasing tension between modern salvation religions and secular spheres ranging from the economic and political to the esthetic. Weber argued that divergent perspectives on religious â€Å"brotherliness† bred a tension with autonomous secular spheres and also suggested compromise between spheres in an absolute sense would be impossible but was necessary and pervasive given the state of humanity in the modern world. It is necessary first to establish how Weber distinguished these redemption religions from others and established them as an ideal type. Fundamentally, â€Å"the rational aim of redemption religion has been to secure for the saved a holy state, and thereby a habitude that assures salvation† (Religious Rejections, p. 327). This metaphysical holy state away from suffering, as characterized by Weber, is unique in its permanence. Weber acknowledged that other behaviors, outside salvation religion, were capable of providing such a state for a temporary period but could not promise eternal salvation. These other behaviors came into conflict with religion as providing alternative, albeit transitory pathways to inner-worldly salvation for the individual. A distinction is also made between salvation religion and â€Å"magic religiosity or for the religion of functional deities† (Religious Rejections, p. 333). In such systems, the various gods were conceived to overlap with wor ldly norms and behaviors. In essence, just as humans interacted on earth, deities representing war, agricultural production, commerce and countless other domains of human life were said also to be interacting and competing. In such systems, gods functioned as little more than a mechanism for explaining and, in a sense,... ...pes, such compromise between economic and religious spheres would seem to be irresoluble. Viewed through the lens of modern humanity and practicality, however, such a compromise is almost logical as a means for religion to cement its own social status, and thus its popular efficacy as a mechanism for salvation. The relationship between the esthetic sphere and religion provides yet another contrasting image of ideal types and of reality. Like the threats to religion posed by politics and economics, the inner-worldly salvation of art should seem to be â€Å"in a realm of irresponsible indulgence and secret lovelessness.†(Religious Rejections, p. 342) As ideal types, the world-denying salvation of religion and transient inner-worldly salvation of art could not coexist. Once form and not religious meaning became the reason for appreciation of art, religion and art became

Chem 1331 Midterm 2

1. | | | What is the pressure, in atm, of a tank of gas with a regulator that reads 1250mmHg? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | 1. 64|    | B. | 490|    | C. | 1. 79|    | D. | 0. 608|    | E. | 1. 25|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 2. | | | A 147. 9-L sample of dry air is cooled from 88. 0 °C to 22. 1 °C while the pressure is maintained at 2. 85 atm. What is the final volume in L? (Do not type the units. ) | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 120. 9| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 3. | | | 1000 L of gas is prepared in a tank at 700 mm Hg and 2000 oC. The gas is then transferred to a 40. L tank at 200o C. The pressure inside the new tank is | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | 14 mm Hg|    | B. | 70 mm Hg|    | C. | 280 mm Hg|    | D. | 1. 75 x 10 3 mm Hg|    | E. | 3. 64 x 103 mm Hg|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 4. | | | The density of an unknown element in the gaseous state is 1. 60 g at 300 K and 1 atm. Which of the following could be the element? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | He|    | B. | Ne|    | C. | Ar|    | D. | |    | E. | |    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 5. | | | What is the pressure exerted by a mixture of 0. 250 moles of and 0. 400 moles of He at 27. 0C in a 3. 00 L container? | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | 16. 0 atm|    | B. | 5. 33 atm|    | C. | 3. 28 atm|    | D. | 2. 05 atm|    | E. | 1. 23 atm|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 6. | | | At 25 °C, an unknown gas, Q, diffuses at a RATE 1. 65 times faster than that of propane, C3H8. Which of these gases is most likely to be Q? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | O2|    | B. | He|    | C. | Ne|    | D. | H2O|    | E. | CH4|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 7. | | | In the reaction below, what volume of PCl5 (g) will be produced by the reaction of 69. 7 L of chlorine gas with excess phosphorus (P4 if all gas volumes are measured at STP?P4 (g) Cl2 => PCl5 (unbalanced) Do not enter units with your an swer. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 27. 9| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 8. | | | Consider three 5-L flasks, fitted with pressure gauges and small valves, each contain a gas at 273 K. Flask A contains 4. 0 g of H2, flask B contains 4. 0 g of He, and flask C contains 8. 0 g of CH4. Compare the flasks contents in terms of the characteristics listed. total kinetic energy of the molecules. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | Flask A > Flask B > Flask C|    | B. | Flask A < Flask B < Flask C|    | C. | Flask A = Flask B = Flask C|    |D. | Flask A > Flask C > Flask B|    | E. | Flask C > Flask B > Flask A|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 9. | | | What is the change in internal energy (in J) of a system that absorbs 4. 07 kJ of heat from its surroundings and has 0. 66 kcal of work done on it? 1 kcal = 4. 184 kJ Express your answer in scientific format with three significant figures: 1. 25 x 103 = 1. 25E3 Do not type units. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 6. 83E3 (6. 83 ? 103)| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 10. | | | If addition of 25. 132 kJ of heat to a 0. 308 kg sample of an alcohol raises its temperature from 20. 0 °C to 46. 15 °C, what is the specific heat capacity of the alcohol in J/g. K? Do not enter units with your answer. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 3. 12| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 11. | | | Given the following equations: Determine the enthalpy change (H) for the following reaction: | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | 844. 3 kJ/mol|    | B. | 483. 3 kJ/mol|    | C. | -241. 7 kJ/mol|    | D. | -483. 3 kJ/mol|    | E. | -844. 3 kJ/mol|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 12. | | | High-purity benzoic acid (C6H5COOH; ? Hcomb = –3227 kJ/mol) is a combustion standard for calibrating bomb calorimeters.A 1. 113 g sample burns in a calorimeter (heat capacity of calorimeter alone = 1365 J/ °C) that contains exactly 1. 200 kg of water. Wha t temperature change will be observed? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 4. 60| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 13. | | | Using information from the text Appendix, calculate ? H for the reaction. 2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) => 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(g) | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | 2855. 4 kJ|    | B. | –2855. 4 kJ|    | C. | 551 kJ|    | D. | –551 kJ|    | E. | None of these is within 5% of the correct answer|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 14. | | What mass of (g) must be burned to release 334 kJ of heat to the surroundings? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | 0. 426 g|    | B. | 6. 00 g|    | C. | 0. 375 g|    | D. | 2. 66 g|    | E. | 55. 6 g|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 15. | | | An AM radio station broadcasts at about 1,031 on the radio dial. Units for AM frequencies are given in kilohertz (kHz). What is the wavelength of these radio transmissions in meters (m)? Type only the number. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer | Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 291| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 16. | | | A microwave photon has a frequency of 4,561 MHz.What is its energy in joules? Enter your answer in the form 1. 02E12 for 1. 02 x 1012 with three significant figures. Do not enter units with your answer. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 3. 02E-24 (3. 02 ? 10-24)| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 17. | | | What is the frequency (Hz) of a photon emitted by a hydrogen atom when its electron falls from n = 5 to 1? Enter your answer using exponential notation (1. 23 x 104 = 1. 23E4) with three significant figures and do not include units. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 3. 16E15 (3. 16 ? 1015)| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 18. | | Which is not a possible ml value for an orbital that has the following: n = 2 | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | +2|    | B. | –1|    | C. | +1|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 19. | | | Give the number of orbitals an atom ca n have with the following designation: 3p | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | 6|    | B. | 2|    | C. | 3|    | D. | 4|    | E. | an infinite number|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 20. | | | Which subatomic particle was found to be present in cathode rays? Type its name only in the box. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| 1. | not answered  | Equals electron (100%) Equals electrons (100%)| | Score:| 0/1 | | |

Dirk Van der Elst’s “Culture as Given, Culture as Choice” Essay

In this text, anthropologists Dirk Van Der Elst and Paul Bohanan discuss the concept of multiculturalism. The text states that an entirely different view of culture is needed in the intellectual discourse of society. Elst analyzes culture using the example of analyzing sex. Elst makes it clear in his analysis that pluralities of identity are the norm, that everyone is multi-ethnic and multi-racial in some fashion Even when discussing the contemporary mainstream political debate over what constitutes ‘multiculturalism,’ it is common cultural phrasing to view culture as a stagnant unit. Multiculturalism is defined in this text as the manner in which more cultures are incorporated into the framework of the dominant discourse., rather than being a way of deconstructing notions of how culture itself is perceived and misperceived.. Elst suggests that nothing really exists as ‘culture,’ instead culture itself is a â€Å"constructed, socially produced norm.† After reading this book I got the feeling that the authors purpose was mainly to advise each individual to study and redefine his own culture. So with that said, I dug down deep and asked myself, what does culture mean to me? And how does culture influence my person, political and social life? The book says that culture means â€Å"everything that human beings have created and transmitted socially across time and space (32).† He also states on page 33 that people are said to â€Å"carry† culture, to bear it from one person or generation to another.† My parents passed their culture on to me, and I will do the same for my children. I was raised a Roman Catholic, and in my family, our heritage plays a huge part. My Irish culture gives me a sense of pride. My parents started me in step dancing when I was five and I loved it. Saint Patty’s Day is bigger than Christmas in my family. We like to talk, we like to tell stories, and we like to drink, of course. But as much as I identify myself with being an American, a woman, a twenty something, elementary education major at Rowan University, or even a Catholic, I  identify with being Irish more. Like I said, I grew up in my heritage, much in the same way many people may have grown up in theirs. My culture has always been a big part of my personal life, but I never really paid much attention as to how it affected my political and social life. As far as my social life goes, I do not associate only with other Irish people. I have a very culturally diverse group of friends. I think that this also adds to who I am. I consider myself to be well rounded and open to many things and ideas. However, my fiancà © is an Irish catholic, and when I think about it, most of my exes were Irish Catholics too. I couldn’t tell you if I choose a partner consciously or not. It could be due to the fact that we have common interests, like drinking. Politics does not interest me at all. So with that said, at this moment my culture does not affect my political life because I don’t have one. Perhaps what is most unique about this book is that it moves cultural anthropology from being this subject of strange behavior that is out there by others and makes it close and personal by repeatedly challenging the reader to use anthropology to identify with and appreciate ones self and ones own choices. It is a clear statement of why people should study anthropology. Mainly, in my own opinion, it makes you think and that is what is most important when you read.

Ukraine essays

Ukraine essays As the second largest country in Europe and a history of political power, the nation state of the Ukraine formed, along with Russia, the heart of the Soviet Union. The nations independence in 1991 brought with it an uncertainty over a future that had once been dominated by the specter of the USSR. Also with that independence came the possibility for the end of Russias exploitation of Ukraines environment. Through heavy industry and mining, directives issued to support the USSRs command style economy in Moscow had polluted Ukraines water and air. Would the end of the USSR mean the end of the pollution? Not quite, nor would an end of the USSR mean that state ownership would end and that democracy would prevail. Indeed, Ukraines struggle has been markedly difficult with some instances of political progress only now being made. The lasting effect of that progress is yet to be seen but it is possible to say a few words on Ukraines environment, social and economic conditions. Having been endowed with 56% arable land, for centuries Ukraine lived up to its reputation as the bread basket of Europe by cultivating wheat and grain. It still does this today as the water from the Dnieper River (Europes third largest river) feeds many fields. However, during the last 25 years, the area under agricultural use has become 1.3 times less. This is due to the industrial expansion strategy that Moscow utilized. The soil itself is at risk by over cultivation leading to significant amounts of erosion. It is estimated that 4 million tons of soil are washed out every year. All told, about 80% of Ukraines arable land or 25 million hectares are affected by erosion. There are crop losses where soil is subject to erosion. On average it is worse off by about 40% of previous year yields. Soil degradation is an issue but when you think of Ukrainian environmental problems, you immedia...

Book Store Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Book Store Business - Essay Example An extension of the used book store without seating for espresso kiosk and snack bar is not an ideal decision because it reduces the appeal of the store. In case the expansion is planned with a large scale renovation to the store with a lengthier menu to chose, additional furniture, shelves and interior design, expansion costs may range from $40000 to $80000. Returns from the investment for expansion are lucrative since coffee kiosks that sell specialty coffee is a profitable business. Material cost for the preparation is lower than twenty five percent of the sale price (Plan A: The small, bookstore-owned coffee bar 2002). The used book store is located in a shopping mall and stocks book in various categories. They include mathematics, arts and entertainment, children’s fiction, antiques and collectibles, humor, history, law, literary criticism, biography and autobiography, children’s non-fiction, cooking education, games, house and home, language arts and disciplines, body, mind and spirit, computers, gardening, family relationship’s, business and economics, current affairs, health and fitness, foreign language study, medical books, self help, sports and recreation, nature, poetry, pets, religion, philosophy, technology, philosophy, study aids, true stories, reference, travel and science (Browse Book Categories 2008). Online sales of used books have reached a growth rate of thirty percent in the recent past. This is due to the vast customer base available online and the comparative lesser cost in reaching these customers around the world. The store specialized in used study books for which the market share is huge. Specialized advertising in student related websites and educational websites frequented by students serves as the main mode of sales promotion. There is a high demand for used books for various reasons. The used books may be required because it is out of print and students require it in class, or the book may not

The connection between religion and contemporary politics ( both Assignment

The connection between religion and contemporary politics ( both public and private) in Indonesia - Assignment Example It also needs to be viewed from the historical perspective of the country itself and how the significant political changes affected the way religion influence the ordinary life. A closer look at the cultural history of the country also indicate that Indonesia remained under the occupation and as such this also affected the way its culture has developed over the period of time. Over the period of time, Indonesian society was developed and socially influenced based on the non-Islamic lines therefore in order to understand the influence of religion on Indonesian society, it is really important to carefully separate the different social and cultural elements in order to study the influence of religion on Indonesian society. (Suryadinata, 2003) This paper will therefore attempt to discuss the religion and contemporary politics in Indonesia and will offer insight into various political transitions which country made and how religion influenced the overall outcomes in the Indonesian society. Indonesia remained under four different occupations from different colonial powers including Dutch, Portuguese and Britain. It also remained under the occupation of Japan till its struggle for the independence was successful. Dutch occupation was probably the longest colonization of Indonesia as it lasted for more than 350 years. During these years, Indonesian society went through many changes and as such religious sentiments and values were mixed with the intrusion of new set of values implemented by Dutch during their occupation of the country. Dutch occupation however, also brought forward some critical policy changes in the way how the Indonesian government was run. From influencing the way how agriculture produce was to be distributed between rural and urban areas of the country to the establishment of solid economic administration, Dutch set up most of the physical infrastructure in the country and allowed it to develop a growing